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The most important Jewish organizations are represented in Évian, with the task of speaking for those whose fate is being negotiated during the conference. The report of the subcommittee that consults the aid organizations reflects their essential positions, which are based on different strategies: Zionist organizations focus on pressuring the mandate power Great Britain to allow more immigration to Palestine, while others have high hopes of cultivating unpopulated territories overseas.

Most of the organizations are united in their demands for easing refugees’ integration into the states that are granting them refuge as well as for securing their rights in their countries of origin. They see the forced destitution of the refugees as one important reason for other countries’ lack of receptivity towards them. Therefore the German Reich should be asked to allow the emigrants to take at least part of their assets with them when they leave.

Norman Bentwich speaking with Henry Bérenger at the conference Norman Bentwich, representative of the Council for German Jewry, already worked closely with the representatives of the “Big Three” during preparations for the conference. After submitting a joint memorandum from several Jewish organizations to the conference and addressing the subcommittee with a plea for greater receptivity by the states towards the refugees, Bentwich attempts in London to recruit select British politicians to participate in the planned Intergovernmental Committee for Refugees. Zürcher Illustrierte, No. 29, July 15, 1938 / Zentralbibliothek Zürich

Norman Bentwich speaking with Henry Bérenger at the conference

Norman Bentwich, representative of the Council for German Jewry, already worked closely with the representatives of the “Big Three” during preparations for the conference. After submitting a joint memorandum from several Jewish organizations to the conference and addressing the subcommittee with a plea for greater receptivity by the states towards the refugees, Bentwich attempts in London to recruit select British politicians to participate in the planned Intergovernmental Committee for Refugees.

Zürcher Illustrierte, No. 29, July 15, 1938 / Zentralbibliothek Zürich

Norman Bentwich to Myron C. Taylor in Schifanoia, May 1, 1938 Franklin D. Roosevelt Library, Hyde Park, NY

Norman Bentwich to Myron C. Taylor in Schifanoia, May 1, 1938

Franklin D. Roosevelt Library, Hyde Park, NY

“Memorandum of Certain Jewish Organizations Concerned with the Refugees from Germany and Austria”, July 1938, p. 1/13 The memorandum describes the dramatic situation of German and Austrian Jews, who within only a few years have been systematically reduced to a community of beggars. The comparison with earlier refugee movements, such as that of the Huguenots in the late 17th century or of Germans after the failed revolution of 1848, is intended to convince the conference participants of the positive economic and social effects of immigration. Hence the integration of refugees is described as preferable to their isolation in settlements in uncultivated areas. Franklin D. Roosevelt Library, Hyde Park, NY

“Memorandum of Certain Jewish Organizations Concerned with the Refugees from Germany and Austria”, July 1938, p. 1/13

The memorandum describes the dramatic situation of German and Austrian Jews, who within only a few years have been systematically reduced to a community of beggars. The comparison with earlier refugee movements, such as that of the Huguenots in the late 17th century or of Germans after the failed revolution of 1848, is intended to convince the conference participants of the positive economic and social effects of immigration. Hence the integration of refugees is described as preferable to their isolation in settlements in uncultivated areas.

Franklin D. Roosevelt Library, Hyde Park, NY

“Memorandum of Certain Jewish Organizations Concerned with the Refugees from Germany and Austria”, July 1938, p. 2/13 The memorandum describes the dramatic situation of German and Austrian Jews, who within only a few years have been systematically reduced to a community of beggars. The comparison with earlier refugee movements, such as that of the Huguenots in the late 17th century or of Germans after the failed revolution of 1848, is intended to convince the conference participants of the positive economic and social effects of immigration. Hence the integration of refugees is described as preferable to their isolation in settlements in uncultivated areas. Franklin D. Roosevelt Library, Hyde Park, NY

“Memorandum of Certain Jewish Organizations Concerned with the Refugees from Germany and Austria”, July 1938, p. 2/13

The memorandum describes the dramatic situation of German and Austrian Jews, who within only a few years have been systematically reduced to a community of beggars. The comparison with earlier refugee movements, such as that of the Huguenots in the late 17th century or of Germans after the failed revolution of 1848, is intended to convince the conference participants of the positive economic and social effects of immigration. Hence the integration of refugees is described as preferable to their isolation in settlements in uncultivated areas.

Franklin D. Roosevelt Library, Hyde Park, NY

“Memorandum of Certain Jewish Organizations Concerned with the Refugees from Germany and Austria”, July 1938, p. 3/13 The memorandum describes the dramatic situation of German and Austrian Jews, who within only a few years have been systematically reduced to a community of beggars. The comparison with earlier refugee movements, such as that of the Huguenots in the late 17th century or of Germans after the failed revolution of 1848, is intended to convince the conference participants of the positive economic and social effects of immigration. Hence the integration of refugees is described as preferable to their isolation in settlements in uncultivated areas. Franklin D. Roosevelt Library, Hyde Park, NY

“Memorandum of Certain Jewish Organizations Concerned with the Refugees from Germany and Austria”, July 1938, p. 3/13

The memorandum describes the dramatic situation of German and Austrian Jews, who within only a few years have been systematically reduced to a community of beggars. The comparison with earlier refugee movements, such as that of the Huguenots in the late 17th century or of Germans after the failed revolution of 1848, is intended to convince the conference participants of the positive economic and social effects of immigration. Hence the integration of refugees is described as preferable to their isolation in settlements in uncultivated areas.

Franklin D. Roosevelt Library, Hyde Park, NY

“Memorandum of Certain Jewish Organizations Concerned with the Refugees from Germany and Austria”, July 1938, p. 4/13 The memorandum describes the dramatic situation of German and Austrian Jews, who within only a few years have been systematically reduced to a community of beggars. The comparison with earlier refugee movements, such as that of the Huguenots in the late 17th century or of Germans after the failed revolution of 1848, is intended to convince the conference participants of the positive economic and social effects of immigration. Hence the integration of refugees is described as preferable to their isolation in settlements in uncultivated areas. Franklin D. Roosevelt Library, Hyde Park, NY

“Memorandum of Certain Jewish Organizations Concerned with the Refugees from Germany and Austria”, July 1938, p. 4/13

The memorandum describes the dramatic situation of German and Austrian Jews, who within only a few years have been systematically reduced to a community of beggars. The comparison with earlier refugee movements, such as that of the Huguenots in the late 17th century or of Germans after the failed revolution of 1848, is intended to convince the conference participants of the positive economic and social effects of immigration. Hence the integration of refugees is described as preferable to their isolation in settlements in uncultivated areas.

Franklin D. Roosevelt Library, Hyde Park, NY

“Memorandum of Certain Jewish Organizations Concerned with the Refugees from Germany and Austria”, July 1938, p. 5/13 The memorandum describes the dramatic situation of German and Austrian Jews, who within only a few years have been systematically reduced to a community of beggars. The comparison with earlier refugee movements, such as that of the Huguenots in the late 17th century or of Germans after the failed revolution of 1848, is intended to convince the conference participants of the positive economic and social effects of immigration. Hence the integration of refugees is described as preferable to their isolation in settlements in uncultivated areas. Franklin D. Roosevelt Library, Hyde Park, NY

“Memorandum of Certain Jewish Organizations Concerned with the Refugees from Germany and Austria”, July 1938, p. 5/13

The memorandum describes the dramatic situation of German and Austrian Jews, who within only a few years have been systematically reduced to a community of beggars. The comparison with earlier refugee movements, such as that of the Huguenots in the late 17th century or of Germans after the failed revolution of 1848, is intended to convince the conference participants of the positive economic and social effects of immigration. Hence the integration of refugees is described as preferable to their isolation in settlements in uncultivated areas.

Franklin D. Roosevelt Library, Hyde Park, NY

“Memorandum of Certain Jewish Organizations Concerned with the Refugees from Germany and Austria”, July 1938, p. 6/13 The memorandum describes the dramatic situation of German and Austrian Jews, who within only a few years have been systematically reduced to a community of beggars. The comparison with earlier refugee movements, such as that of the Huguenots in the late 17th century or of Germans after the failed revolution of 1848, is intended to convince the conference participants of the positive economic and social effects of immigration. Hence the integration of refugees is described as preferable to their isolation in settlements in uncultivated areas. Franklin D. Roosevelt Library, Hyde Park, NY

“Memorandum of Certain Jewish Organizations Concerned with the Refugees from Germany and Austria”, July 1938, p. 6/13

The memorandum describes the dramatic situation of German and Austrian Jews, who within only a few years have been systematically reduced to a community of beggars. The comparison with earlier refugee movements, such as that of the Huguenots in the late 17th century or of Germans after the failed revolution of 1848, is intended to convince the conference participants of the positive economic and social effects of immigration. Hence the integration of refugees is described as preferable to their isolation in settlements in uncultivated areas.

Franklin D. Roosevelt Library, Hyde Park, NY

“Memorandum of Certain Jewish Organizations Concerned with the Refugees from Germany and Austria”, July 1938, p. 7/13 The memorandum describes the dramatic situation of German and Austrian Jews, who within only a few years have been systematically reduced to a community of beggars. The comparison with earlier refugee movements, such as that of the Huguenots in the late 17th century or of Germans after the failed revolution of 1848, is intended to convince the conference participants of the positive economic and social effects of immigration. Hence the integration of refugees is described as preferable to their isolation in settlements in uncultivated areas. Franklin D. Roosevelt Library, Hyde Park, NY

“Memorandum of Certain Jewish Organizations Concerned with the Refugees from Germany and Austria”, July 1938, p. 7/13

The memorandum describes the dramatic situation of German and Austrian Jews, who within only a few years have been systematically reduced to a community of beggars. The comparison with earlier refugee movements, such as that of the Huguenots in the late 17th century or of Germans after the failed revolution of 1848, is intended to convince the conference participants of the positive economic and social effects of immigration. Hence the integration of refugees is described as preferable to their isolation in settlements in uncultivated areas.

Franklin D. Roosevelt Library, Hyde Park, NY

“Memorandum of Certain Jewish Organizations Concerned with the Refugees from Germany and Austria”, July 1938, p. 8/13 The memorandum describes the dramatic situation of German and Austrian Jews, who within only a few years have been systematically reduced to a community of beggars. The comparison with earlier refugee movements, such as that of the Huguenots in the late 17th century or of Germans after the failed revolution of 1848, is intended to convince the conference participants of the positive economic and social effects of immigration. Hence the integration of refugees is described as preferable to their isolation in settlements in uncultivated areas. Franklin D. Roosevelt Library, Hyde Park, NY

“Memorandum of Certain Jewish Organizations Concerned with the Refugees from Germany and Austria”, July 1938, p. 8/13

The memorandum describes the dramatic situation of German and Austrian Jews, who within only a few years have been systematically reduced to a community of beggars. The comparison with earlier refugee movements, such as that of the Huguenots in the late 17th century or of Germans after the failed revolution of 1848, is intended to convince the conference participants of the positive economic and social effects of immigration. Hence the integration of refugees is described as preferable to their isolation in settlements in uncultivated areas.

Franklin D. Roosevelt Library, Hyde Park, NY

“Memorandum of Certain Jewish Organizations Concerned with the Refugees from Germany and Austria”, July 1938, p. 9/13 The memorandum describes the dramatic situation of German and Austrian Jews, who within only a few years have been systematically reduced to a community of beggars. The comparison with earlier refugee movements, such as that of the Huguenots in the late 17th century or of Germans after the failed revolution of 1848, is intended to convince the conference participants of the positive economic and social effects of immigration. Hence the integration of refugees is described as preferable to their isolation in settlements in uncultivated areas. Franklin D. Roosevelt Library, Hyde Park, NY

“Memorandum of Certain Jewish Organizations Concerned with the Refugees from Germany and Austria”, July 1938, p. 9/13

The memorandum describes the dramatic situation of German and Austrian Jews, who within only a few years have been systematically reduced to a community of beggars. The comparison with earlier refugee movements, such as that of the Huguenots in the late 17th century or of Germans after the failed revolution of 1848, is intended to convince the conference participants of the positive economic and social effects of immigration. Hence the integration of refugees is described as preferable to their isolation in settlements in uncultivated areas.

Franklin D. Roosevelt Library, Hyde Park, NY

“Memorandum of Certain Jewish Organizations Concerned with the Refugees from Germany and Austria”, July 1938, p. 10/13 The memorandum describes the dramatic situation of German and Austrian Jews, who within only a few years have been systematically reduced to a community of beggars. The comparison with earlier refugee movements, such as that of the Huguenots in the late 17th century or of Germans after the failed revolution of 1848, is intended to convince the conference participants of the positive economic and social effects of immigration. Hence the integration of refugees is described as preferable to their isolation in settlements in uncultivated areas. Franklin D. Roosevelt Library, Hyde Park, NY

“Memorandum of Certain Jewish Organizations Concerned with the Refugees from Germany and Austria”, July 1938, p. 10/13

The memorandum describes the dramatic situation of German and Austrian Jews, who within only a few years have been systematically reduced to a community of beggars. The comparison with earlier refugee movements, such as that of the Huguenots in the late 17th century or of Germans after the failed revolution of 1848, is intended to convince the conference participants of the positive economic and social effects of immigration. Hence the integration of refugees is described as preferable to their isolation in settlements in uncultivated areas.

Franklin D. Roosevelt Library, Hyde Park, NY

“Memorandum of Certain Jewish Organizations Concerned with the Refugees from Germany and Austria”, July 1938, p. 11/13 The memorandum describes the dramatic situation of German and Austrian Jews, who within only a few years have been systematically reduced to a community of beggars. The comparison with earlier refugee movements, such as that of the Huguenots in the late 17th century or of Germans after the failed revolution of 1848, is intended to convince the conference participants of the positive economic and social effects of immigration. Hence the integration of refugees is described as preferable to their isolation in settlements in uncultivated areas. Franklin D. Roosevelt Library, Hyde Park, NY

“Memorandum of Certain Jewish Organizations Concerned with the Refugees from Germany and Austria”, July 1938, p. 11/13

The memorandum describes the dramatic situation of German and Austrian Jews, who within only a few years have been systematically reduced to a community of beggars. The comparison with earlier refugee movements, such as that of the Huguenots in the late 17th century or of Germans after the failed revolution of 1848, is intended to convince the conference participants of the positive economic and social effects of immigration. Hence the integration of refugees is described as preferable to their isolation in settlements in uncultivated areas.

Franklin D. Roosevelt Library, Hyde Park, NY

“Memorandum of Certain Jewish Organizations Concerned with the Refugees from Germany and Austria”, July 1938, p. 12/13 The memorandum describes the dramatic situation of German and Austrian Jews, who within only a few years have been systematically reduced to a community of beggars. The comparison with earlier refugee movements, such as that of the Huguenots in the late 17th century or of Germans after the failed revolution of 1848, is intended to convince the conference participants of the positive economic and social effects of immigration. Hence the integration of refugees is described as preferable to their isolation in settlements in uncultivated areas. Franklin D. Roosevelt Library, Hyde Park, NY

“Memorandum of Certain Jewish Organizations Concerned with the Refugees from Germany and Austria”, July 1938, p. 12/13

The memorandum describes the dramatic situation of German and Austrian Jews, who within only a few years have been systematically reduced to a community of beggars. The comparison with earlier refugee movements, such as that of the Huguenots in the late 17th century or of Germans after the failed revolution of 1848, is intended to convince the conference participants of the positive economic and social effects of immigration. Hence the integration of refugees is described as preferable to their isolation in settlements in uncultivated areas.

Franklin D. Roosevelt Library, Hyde Park, NY

“Memorandum of Certain Jewish Organizations Concerned with the Refugees from Germany and Austria”, July 1938, p. 13/13 The memorandum describes the dramatic situation of German and Austrian Jews, who within only a few years have been systematically reduced to a community of beggars. The comparison with earlier refugee movements, such as that of the Huguenots in the late 17th century or of Germans after the failed revolution of 1848, is intended to convince the conference participants of the positive economic and social effects of immigration. Hence the integration of refugees is described as preferable to their isolation in settlements in uncultivated areas. Franklin D. Roosevelt Library, Hyde Park, NY

“Memorandum of Certain Jewish Organizations Concerned with the Refugees from Germany and Austria”, July 1938, p. 13/13

The memorandum describes the dramatic situation of German and Austrian Jews, who within only a few years have been systematically reduced to a community of beggars. The comparison with earlier refugee movements, such as that of the Huguenots in the late 17th century or of Germans after the failed revolution of 1848, is intended to convince the conference participants of the positive economic and social effects of immigration. Hence the integration of refugees is described as preferable to their isolation in settlements in uncultivated areas.

Franklin D. Roosevelt Library, Hyde Park, NY

Nahum Goldmann (right) at the founding of the World Jewish Congress, Geneva, August 13, 1936  As the representative of the World Jewish Congress, Goldmann calls for the conference to protest against the persecution of Jews in Germany; establish agricultural settlements for refugees, especially in Palestine; include the situation of the Jewish population in Eastern Europe in the discussion and, finally, set up an international committee to negotiate immigration quotas. Yad Vashem Archives, Jerusalem

Nahum Goldmann (right) at the founding of the World Jewish Congress, Geneva, August 13, 1936 

As the representative of the World Jewish Congress, Goldmann calls for the conference to protest against the persecution of Jews in Germany; establish agricultural settlements for refugees, especially in Palestine; include the situation of the Jewish population in Eastern Europe in the discussion and, finally, set up an international committee to negotiate immigration quotas.

Yad Vashem Archives, Jerusalem

Informations de Palestine, July 3, 1938, p. 1/11 In the publication of its representatives at the League of Nations in Geneva, the Jewish Agency for Palestine presents its position on the refugee problem. Schweizerisches Bundesarchiv, Bern, E4800.1#1000867#65

Informations de Palestine, July 3, 1938, p. 1/11

In the publication of its representatives at the League of Nations in Geneva, the Jewish Agency for Palestine presents its position on the refugee problem.

Schweizerisches Bundesarchiv, Bern, E4800.1#1000867#65

Informations de Palestine, July 3, 1938, p. 2/11 In the publication of its representatives at the League of Nations in Geneva, the Jewish Agency for Palestine presents its position on the refugee problem. Schweizerisches Bundesarchiv, Bern, E4800.1#1000867#65

Informations de Palestine, July 3, 1938, p. 2/11

In the publication of its representatives at the League of Nations in Geneva, the Jewish Agency for Palestine presents its position on the refugee problem.

Schweizerisches Bundesarchiv, Bern, E4800.1#1000867#65

Informations de Palestine, July 3, 1938, p. 3/11 In the publication of its representatives at the League of Nations in Geneva, the Jewish Agency for Palestine presents its position on the refugee problem. Schweizerisches Bundesarchiv, Bern, E4800.1#1000867#65

Informations de Palestine, July 3, 1938, p. 3/11

In the publication of its representatives at the League of Nations in Geneva, the Jewish Agency for Palestine presents its position on the refugee problem.

Schweizerisches Bundesarchiv, Bern, E4800.1#1000867#65

Informations de Palestine, July 3, 1938, p. 4/11 In the publication of its representatives at the League of Nations in Geneva, the Jewish Agency for Palestine presents its position on the refugee problem. Schweizerisches Bundesarchiv, Bern, E4800.1#1000867#65

Informations de Palestine, July 3, 1938, p. 4/11

In the publication of its representatives at the League of Nations in Geneva, the Jewish Agency for Palestine presents its position on the refugee problem.

Schweizerisches Bundesarchiv, Bern, E4800.1#1000867#65

Informations de Palestine, July 3, 1938, p. 5/11 In the publication of its representatives at the League of Nations in Geneva, the Jewish Agency for Palestine presents its position on the refugee problem. Schweizerisches Bundesarchiv, Bern, E4800.1#1000867#65

Informations de Palestine, July 3, 1938, p. 5/11

In the publication of its representatives at the League of Nations in Geneva, the Jewish Agency for Palestine presents its position on the refugee problem.

Schweizerisches Bundesarchiv, Bern, E4800.1#1000867#65

Informations de Palestine, July 3, 1938, p. 6/11 In the publication of its representatives at the League of Nations in Geneva, the Jewish Agency for Palestine presents its position on the refugee problem. Schweizerisches Bundesarchiv, Bern, E4800.1#1000867#65

Informations de Palestine, July 3, 1938, p. 6/11

In the publication of its representatives at the League of Nations in Geneva, the Jewish Agency for Palestine presents its position on the refugee problem.

Schweizerisches Bundesarchiv, Bern, E4800.1#1000867#65

Informations de Palestine, July 3, 1938, p. 7/11 In the publication of its representatives at the League of Nations in Geneva, the Jewish Agency for Palestine presents its position on the refugee problem. Schweizerisches Bundesarchiv, Bern, E4800.1#1000867#65

Informations de Palestine, July 3, 1938, p. 7/11

In the publication of its representatives at the League of Nations in Geneva, the Jewish Agency for Palestine presents its position on the refugee problem.

Schweizerisches Bundesarchiv, Bern, E4800.1#1000867#65

Informations de Palestine, July 3, 1938, p. 8/11 In the publication of its representatives at the League of Nations in Geneva, the Jewish Agency for Palestine presents its position on the refugee problem. Schweizerisches Bundesarchiv, Bern, E4800.1#1000867#65

Informations de Palestine, July 3, 1938, p. 8/11

In the publication of its representatives at the League of Nations in Geneva, the Jewish Agency for Palestine presents its position on the refugee problem.

Schweizerisches Bundesarchiv, Bern, E4800.1#1000867#65

Informations de Palestine, July 3, 1938, p. 9/11 In the publication of its representatives at the League of Nations in Geneva, the Jewish Agency for Palestine presents its position on the refugee problem. Schweizerisches Bundesarchiv, Bern, E4800.1#1000867#65

Informations de Palestine, July 3, 1938, p. 9/11

In the publication of its representatives at the League of Nations in Geneva, the Jewish Agency for Palestine presents its position on the refugee problem.

Schweizerisches Bundesarchiv, Bern, E4800.1#1000867#65

Informations de Palestine, July 3, 1938, p. 10/11 In the publication of its representatives at the League of Nations in Geneva, the Jewish Agency for Palestine presents its position on the refugee problem. Schweizerisches Bundesarchiv, Bern, E4800.1#1000867#65

Informations de Palestine, July 3, 1938, p. 10/11

In the publication of its representatives at the League of Nations in Geneva, the Jewish Agency for Palestine presents its position on the refugee problem.

Schweizerisches Bundesarchiv, Bern, E4800.1#1000867#65

Informations de Palestine, July 3, 1938, p. 11/11 In the publication of its representatives at the League of Nations in Geneva, the Jewish Agency for Palestine presents its position on the refugee problem. Schweizerisches Bundesarchiv, Bern, E4800.1#1000867#65

Informations de Palestine, July 3, 1938, p. 11/11

In the publication of its representatives at the League of Nations in Geneva, the Jewish Agency for Palestine presents its position on the refugee problem.

Schweizerisches Bundesarchiv, Bern, E4800.1#1000867#65

Golda Myerson, around 1943  Golda Myerson, head of the political department on the board of the Zionist Trade Union Confederation, takes part in the conference for the Jewish Agency of Palestine. She is greatly disappointed by how the conference proceeds, commenting to the press that “There is only one thing I hope to see before I die and that is that my people should not need expressions of sympathy anymore.” Central Zionist Archives, Jerusalem

Golda Myerson, around 1943 

Golda Myerson, head of the political department on the board of the Zionist Trade Union Confederation, takes part in the conference for the Jewish Agency of Palestine. She is greatly disappointed by how the conference proceeds, commenting to the press that “There is only one thing I hope to see before I die and that is that my people should not need expressions of sympathy anymore.”

Central Zionist Archives, Jerusalem

Poster of the Workers’ Party of the Land of Israel (Mapai), Haifa district, August 1938  The poster promotes a lecture by “comrade Golda Myerson” on the topic “America – Évian – Eretz Israel” on August 20, 1938 in Haifa. In her memoirs, the future president of Israel Golda Meir complains of having heard only “phrases” in Évian – phrases that confirmed her belief that every nation has its own answer to the question of existence or non-existence: “The Jews should not be dependent on anyone giving them permission to stay alive.” Central Zionist Archives, Jerusalem

Poster of the Workers’ Party of the Land of Israel (Mapai), Haifa district, August 1938 

The poster promotes a lecture by “comrade Golda Myerson” on the topic “America – Évian – Eretz Israel” on August 20, 1938 in Haifa. In her memoirs, the future president of Israel Golda Meir complains of having heard only “phrases” in Évian – phrases that confirmed her belief that every nation has its own answer to the question of existence or non-existence: “The Jews should not be dependent on anyone giving them permission to stay alive.”

Central Zionist Archives, Jerusalem

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Norman Bentwich speaking with Henry Bérenger at the conference Norman Bentwich, representative of the Council for German Jewry, already worked closely with the representatives of the “Big Three” during preparations for the conference. After submitting a joint memorandum from several Jewish organizations to the conference and addressing the subcommittee with a plea for greater receptivity by the states towards the refugees, Bentwich attempts in London to recruit select British politicians to participate in the planned Intergovernmental Committee for Refugees. Zürcher Illustrierte, No. 29, July 15, 1938 / Zentralbibliothek Zürich

Norman Bentwich speaking with Henry Bérenger at the conference

Norman Bentwich, representative of the Council for German Jewry, already worked closely with the representatives of the “Big Three” during preparations for the conference. After submitting a joint memorandum from several Jewish organizations to the conference and addressing the subcommittee with a plea for greater receptivity by the states towards the refugees, Bentwich attempts in London to recruit select British politicians to participate in the planned Intergovernmental Committee for Refugees.

Zürcher Illustrierte, No. 29, July 15, 1938 / Zentralbibliothek Zürich

Norman Bentwich speaking with Henry Bérenger at the conference

Norman Bentwich, representative of the Council for German Jewry, already worked closely with the representatives of the “Big Three” during preparations for the conference. After submitting a joint memorandum from several Jewish organizations to the conference and addressing the subcommittee with a plea for greater receptivity by the states towards the refugees, Bentwich attempts in London to recruit select British politicians to participate in the planned Intergovernmental Committee for Refugees.

Zürcher Illustrierte, No. 29, July 15, 1938 / Zentralbibliothek Zürich

Norman Bentwich to Myron C. Taylor in Schifanoia, May 1, 1938 Franklin D. Roosevelt Library, Hyde Park, NY

Norman Bentwich to Myron C. Taylor in Schifanoia, May 1, 1938

Franklin D. Roosevelt Library, Hyde Park, NY

Norman Bentwich to Myron C. Taylor in Schifanoia, May 1, 1938

Franklin D. Roosevelt Library, Hyde Park, NY

“Memorandum of Certain Jewish Organizations Concerned with the Refugees from Germany and Austria”, July 1938, p. 1/13 The memorandum describes the dramatic situation of German and Austrian Jews, who within only a few years have been systematically reduced to a community of beggars. The comparison with earlier refugee movements, such as that of the Huguenots in the late 17th century or of Germans after the failed revolution of 1848, is intended to convince the conference participants of the positive economic and social effects of immigration. Hence the integration of refugees is described as preferable to their isolation in settlements in uncultivated areas. Franklin D. Roosevelt Library, Hyde Park, NY

“Memorandum of Certain Jewish Organizations Concerned with the Refugees from Germany and Austria”, July 1938, p. 1/13

The memorandum describes the dramatic situation of German and Austrian Jews, who within only a few years have been systematically reduced to a community of beggars. The comparison with earlier refugee movements, such as that of the Huguenots in the late 17th century or of Germans after the failed revolution of 1848, is intended to convince the conference participants of the positive economic and social effects of immigration. Hence the integration of refugees is described as preferable to their isolation in settlements in uncultivated areas.

Franklin D. Roosevelt Library, Hyde Park, NY

“Memorandum of Certain Jewish Organizations Concerned with the Refugees from Germany and Austria”, July 1938, p. 1/13

The memorandum describes the dramatic situation of German and Austrian Jews, who within only a few years have been systematically reduced to a community of beggars. The comparison with earlier refugee movements, such as that of the Huguenots in the late 17th century or of Germans after the failed revolution of 1848, is intended to convince the conference participants of the positive economic and social effects of immigration. Hence the integration of refugees is described as preferable to their isolation in settlements in uncultivated areas.

Franklin D. Roosevelt Library, Hyde Park, NY

“Memorandum of Certain Jewish Organizations Concerned with the Refugees from Germany and Austria”, July 1938, p. 2/13 The memorandum describes the dramatic situation of German and Austrian Jews, who within only a few years have been systematically reduced to a community of beggars. The comparison with earlier refugee movements, such as that of the Huguenots in the late 17th century or of Germans after the failed revolution of 1848, is intended to convince the conference participants of the positive economic and social effects of immigration. Hence the integration of refugees is described as preferable to their isolation in settlements in uncultivated areas. Franklin D. Roosevelt Library, Hyde Park, NY

“Memorandum of Certain Jewish Organizations Concerned with the Refugees from Germany and Austria”, July 1938, p. 2/13

The memorandum describes the dramatic situation of German and Austrian Jews, who within only a few years have been systematically reduced to a community of beggars. The comparison with earlier refugee movements, such as that of the Huguenots in the late 17th century or of Germans after the failed revolution of 1848, is intended to convince the conference participants of the positive economic and social effects of immigration. Hence the integration of refugees is described as preferable to their isolation in settlements in uncultivated areas.

Franklin D. Roosevelt Library, Hyde Park, NY

“Memorandum of Certain Jewish Organizations Concerned with the Refugees from Germany and Austria”, July 1938, p. 2/13

The memorandum describes the dramatic situation of German and Austrian Jews, who within only a few years have been systematically reduced to a community of beggars. The comparison with earlier refugee movements, such as that of the Huguenots in the late 17th century or of Germans after the failed revolution of 1848, is intended to convince the conference participants of the positive economic and social effects of immigration. Hence the integration of refugees is described as preferable to their isolation in settlements in uncultivated areas.

Franklin D. Roosevelt Library, Hyde Park, NY

“Memorandum of Certain Jewish Organizations Concerned with the Refugees from Germany and Austria”, July 1938, p. 3/13 The memorandum describes the dramatic situation of German and Austrian Jews, who within only a few years have been systematically reduced to a community of beggars. The comparison with earlier refugee movements, such as that of the Huguenots in the late 17th century or of Germans after the failed revolution of 1848, is intended to convince the conference participants of the positive economic and social effects of immigration. Hence the integration of refugees is described as preferable to their isolation in settlements in uncultivated areas. Franklin D. Roosevelt Library, Hyde Park, NY

“Memorandum of Certain Jewish Organizations Concerned with the Refugees from Germany and Austria”, July 1938, p. 3/13

The memorandum describes the dramatic situation of German and Austrian Jews, who within only a few years have been systematically reduced to a community of beggars. The comparison with earlier refugee movements, such as that of the Huguenots in the late 17th century or of Germans after the failed revolution of 1848, is intended to convince the conference participants of the positive economic and social effects of immigration. Hence the integration of refugees is described as preferable to their isolation in settlements in uncultivated areas.

Franklin D. Roosevelt Library, Hyde Park, NY

“Memorandum of Certain Jewish Organizations Concerned with the Refugees from Germany and Austria”, July 1938, p. 3/13

The memorandum describes the dramatic situation of German and Austrian Jews, who within only a few years have been systematically reduced to a community of beggars. The comparison with earlier refugee movements, such as that of the Huguenots in the late 17th century or of Germans after the failed revolution of 1848, is intended to convince the conference participants of the positive economic and social effects of immigration. Hence the integration of refugees is described as preferable to their isolation in settlements in uncultivated areas.

Franklin D. Roosevelt Library, Hyde Park, NY

“Memorandum of Certain Jewish Organizations Concerned with the Refugees from Germany and Austria”, July 1938, p. 4/13 The memorandum describes the dramatic situation of German and Austrian Jews, who within only a few years have been systematically reduced to a community of beggars. The comparison with earlier refugee movements, such as that of the Huguenots in the late 17th century or of Germans after the failed revolution of 1848, is intended to convince the conference participants of the positive economic and social effects of immigration. Hence the integration of refugees is described as preferable to their isolation in settlements in uncultivated areas. Franklin D. Roosevelt Library, Hyde Park, NY

“Memorandum of Certain Jewish Organizations Concerned with the Refugees from Germany and Austria”, July 1938, p. 4/13

The memorandum describes the dramatic situation of German and Austrian Jews, who within only a few years have been systematically reduced to a community of beggars. The comparison with earlier refugee movements, such as that of the Huguenots in the late 17th century or of Germans after the failed revolution of 1848, is intended to convince the conference participants of the positive economic and social effects of immigration. Hence the integration of refugees is described as preferable to their isolation in settlements in uncultivated areas.

Franklin D. Roosevelt Library, Hyde Park, NY

“Memorandum of Certain Jewish Organizations Concerned with the Refugees from Germany and Austria”, July 1938, p. 4/13

The memorandum describes the dramatic situation of German and Austrian Jews, who within only a few years have been systematically reduced to a community of beggars. The comparison with earlier refugee movements, such as that of the Huguenots in the late 17th century or of Germans after the failed revolution of 1848, is intended to convince the conference participants of the positive economic and social effects of immigration. Hence the integration of refugees is described as preferable to their isolation in settlements in uncultivated areas.

Franklin D. Roosevelt Library, Hyde Park, NY

“Memorandum of Certain Jewish Organizations Concerned with the Refugees from Germany and Austria”, July 1938, p. 5/13 The memorandum describes the dramatic situation of German and Austrian Jews, who within only a few years have been systematically reduced to a community of beggars. The comparison with earlier refugee movements, such as that of the Huguenots in the late 17th century or of Germans after the failed revolution of 1848, is intended to convince the conference participants of the positive economic and social effects of immigration. Hence the integration of refugees is described as preferable to their isolation in settlements in uncultivated areas. Franklin D. Roosevelt Library, Hyde Park, NY

“Memorandum of Certain Jewish Organizations Concerned with the Refugees from Germany and Austria”, July 1938, p. 5/13

The memorandum describes the dramatic situation of German and Austrian Jews, who within only a few years have been systematically reduced to a community of beggars. The comparison with earlier refugee movements, such as that of the Huguenots in the late 17th century or of Germans after the failed revolution of 1848, is intended to convince the conference participants of the positive economic and social effects of immigration. Hence the integration of refugees is described as preferable to their isolation in settlements in uncultivated areas.

Franklin D. Roosevelt Library, Hyde Park, NY

“Memorandum of Certain Jewish Organizations Concerned with the Refugees from Germany and Austria”, July 1938, p. 5/13

The memorandum describes the dramatic situation of German and Austrian Jews, who within only a few years have been systematically reduced to a community of beggars. The comparison with earlier refugee movements, such as that of the Huguenots in the late 17th century or of Germans after the failed revolution of 1848, is intended to convince the conference participants of the positive economic and social effects of immigration. Hence the integration of refugees is described as preferable to their isolation in settlements in uncultivated areas.

Franklin D. Roosevelt Library, Hyde Park, NY

“Memorandum of Certain Jewish Organizations Concerned with the Refugees from Germany and Austria”, July 1938, p. 6/13 The memorandum describes the dramatic situation of German and Austrian Jews, who within only a few years have been systematically reduced to a community of beggars. The comparison with earlier refugee movements, such as that of the Huguenots in the late 17th century or of Germans after the failed revolution of 1848, is intended to convince the conference participants of the positive economic and social effects of immigration. Hence the integration of refugees is described as preferable to their isolation in settlements in uncultivated areas. Franklin D. Roosevelt Library, Hyde Park, NY

“Memorandum of Certain Jewish Organizations Concerned with the Refugees from Germany and Austria”, July 1938, p. 6/13

The memorandum describes the dramatic situation of German and Austrian Jews, who within only a few years have been systematically reduced to a community of beggars. The comparison with earlier refugee movements, such as that of the Huguenots in the late 17th century or of Germans after the failed revolution of 1848, is intended to convince the conference participants of the positive economic and social effects of immigration. Hence the integration of refugees is described as preferable to their isolation in settlements in uncultivated areas.

Franklin D. Roosevelt Library, Hyde Park, NY

“Memorandum of Certain Jewish Organizations Concerned with the Refugees from Germany and Austria”, July 1938, p. 6/13

The memorandum describes the dramatic situation of German and Austrian Jews, who within only a few years have been systematically reduced to a community of beggars. The comparison with earlier refugee movements, such as that of the Huguenots in the late 17th century or of Germans after the failed revolution of 1848, is intended to convince the conference participants of the positive economic and social effects of immigration. Hence the integration of refugees is described as preferable to their isolation in settlements in uncultivated areas.

Franklin D. Roosevelt Library, Hyde Park, NY

“Memorandum of Certain Jewish Organizations Concerned with the Refugees from Germany and Austria”, July 1938, p. 7/13 The memorandum describes the dramatic situation of German and Austrian Jews, who within only a few years have been systematically reduced to a community of beggars. The comparison with earlier refugee movements, such as that of the Huguenots in the late 17th century or of Germans after the failed revolution of 1848, is intended to convince the conference participants of the positive economic and social effects of immigration. Hence the integration of refugees is described as preferable to their isolation in settlements in uncultivated areas. Franklin D. Roosevelt Library, Hyde Park, NY

“Memorandum of Certain Jewish Organizations Concerned with the Refugees from Germany and Austria”, July 1938, p. 7/13

The memorandum describes the dramatic situation of German and Austrian Jews, who within only a few years have been systematically reduced to a community of beggars. The comparison with earlier refugee movements, such as that of the Huguenots in the late 17th century or of Germans after the failed revolution of 1848, is intended to convince the conference participants of the positive economic and social effects of immigration. Hence the integration of refugees is described as preferable to their isolation in settlements in uncultivated areas.

Franklin D. Roosevelt Library, Hyde Park, NY

“Memorandum of Certain Jewish Organizations Concerned with the Refugees from Germany and Austria”, July 1938, p. 7/13

The memorandum describes the dramatic situation of German and Austrian Jews, who within only a few years have been systematically reduced to a community of beggars. The comparison with earlier refugee movements, such as that of the Huguenots in the late 17th century or of Germans after the failed revolution of 1848, is intended to convince the conference participants of the positive economic and social effects of immigration. Hence the integration of refugees is described as preferable to their isolation in settlements in uncultivated areas.

Franklin D. Roosevelt Library, Hyde Park, NY

“Memorandum of Certain Jewish Organizations Concerned with the Refugees from Germany and Austria”, July 1938, p. 8/13 The memorandum describes the dramatic situation of German and Austrian Jews, who within only a few years have been systematically reduced to a community of beggars. The comparison with earlier refugee movements, such as that of the Huguenots in the late 17th century or of Germans after the failed revolution of 1848, is intended to convince the conference participants of the positive economic and social effects of immigration. Hence the integration of refugees is described as preferable to their isolation in settlements in uncultivated areas. Franklin D. Roosevelt Library, Hyde Park, NY

“Memorandum of Certain Jewish Organizations Concerned with the Refugees from Germany and Austria”, July 1938, p. 8/13

The memorandum describes the dramatic situation of German and Austrian Jews, who within only a few years have been systematically reduced to a community of beggars. The comparison with earlier refugee movements, such as that of the Huguenots in the late 17th century or of Germans after the failed revolution of 1848, is intended to convince the conference participants of the positive economic and social effects of immigration. Hence the integration of refugees is described as preferable to their isolation in settlements in uncultivated areas.

Franklin D. Roosevelt Library, Hyde Park, NY

“Memorandum of Certain Jewish Organizations Concerned with the Refugees from Germany and Austria”, July 1938, p. 8/13

The memorandum describes the dramatic situation of German and Austrian Jews, who within only a few years have been systematically reduced to a community of beggars. The comparison with earlier refugee movements, such as that of the Huguenots in the late 17th century or of Germans after the failed revolution of 1848, is intended to convince the conference participants of the positive economic and social effects of immigration. Hence the integration of refugees is described as preferable to their isolation in settlements in uncultivated areas.

Franklin D. Roosevelt Library, Hyde Park, NY

“Memorandum of Certain Jewish Organizations Concerned with the Refugees from Germany and Austria”, July 1938, p. 9/13 The memorandum describes the dramatic situation of German and Austrian Jews, who within only a few years have been systematically reduced to a community of beggars. The comparison with earlier refugee movements, such as that of the Huguenots in the late 17th century or of Germans after the failed revolution of 1848, is intended to convince the conference participants of the positive economic and social effects of immigration. Hence the integration of refugees is described as preferable to their isolation in settlements in uncultivated areas. Franklin D. Roosevelt Library, Hyde Park, NY

“Memorandum of Certain Jewish Organizations Concerned with the Refugees from Germany and Austria”, July 1938, p. 9/13

The memorandum describes the dramatic situation of German and Austrian Jews, who within only a few years have been systematically reduced to a community of beggars. The comparison with earlier refugee movements, such as that of the Huguenots in the late 17th century or of Germans after the failed revolution of 1848, is intended to convince the conference participants of the positive economic and social effects of immigration. Hence the integration of refugees is described as preferable to their isolation in settlements in uncultivated areas.

Franklin D. Roosevelt Library, Hyde Park, NY

“Memorandum of Certain Jewish Organizations Concerned with the Refugees from Germany and Austria”, July 1938, p. 9/13

The memorandum describes the dramatic situation of German and Austrian Jews, who within only a few years have been systematically reduced to a community of beggars. The comparison with earlier refugee movements, such as that of the Huguenots in the late 17th century or of Germans after the failed revolution of 1848, is intended to convince the conference participants of the positive economic and social effects of immigration. Hence the integration of refugees is described as preferable to their isolation in settlements in uncultivated areas.

Franklin D. Roosevelt Library, Hyde Park, NY

“Memorandum of Certain Jewish Organizations Concerned with the Refugees from Germany and Austria”, July 1938, p. 10/13 The memorandum describes the dramatic situation of German and Austrian Jews, who within only a few years have been systematically reduced to a community of beggars. The comparison with earlier refugee movements, such as that of the Huguenots in the late 17th century or of Germans after the failed revolution of 1848, is intended to convince the conference participants of the positive economic and social effects of immigration. Hence the integration of refugees is described as preferable to their isolation in settlements in uncultivated areas. Franklin D. Roosevelt Library, Hyde Park, NY

“Memorandum of Certain Jewish Organizations Concerned with the Refugees from Germany and Austria”, July 1938, p. 10/13

The memorandum describes the dramatic situation of German and Austrian Jews, who within only a few years have been systematically reduced to a community of beggars. The comparison with earlier refugee movements, such as that of the Huguenots in the late 17th century or of Germans after the failed revolution of 1848, is intended to convince the conference participants of the positive economic and social effects of immigration. Hence the integration of refugees is described as preferable to their isolation in settlements in uncultivated areas.

Franklin D. Roosevelt Library, Hyde Park, NY

“Memorandum of Certain Jewish Organizations Concerned with the Refugees from Germany and Austria”, July 1938, p. 10/13

The memorandum describes the dramatic situation of German and Austrian Jews, who within only a few years have been systematically reduced to a community of beggars. The comparison with earlier refugee movements, such as that of the Huguenots in the late 17th century or of Germans after the failed revolution of 1848, is intended to convince the conference participants of the positive economic and social effects of immigration. Hence the integration of refugees is described as preferable to their isolation in settlements in uncultivated areas.

Franklin D. Roosevelt Library, Hyde Park, NY

“Memorandum of Certain Jewish Organizations Concerned with the Refugees from Germany and Austria”, July 1938, p. 11/13 The memorandum describes the dramatic situation of German and Austrian Jews, who within only a few years have been systematically reduced to a community of beggars. The comparison with earlier refugee movements, such as that of the Huguenots in the late 17th century or of Germans after the failed revolution of 1848, is intended to convince the conference participants of the positive economic and social effects of immigration. Hence the integration of refugees is described as preferable to their isolation in settlements in uncultivated areas. Franklin D. Roosevelt Library, Hyde Park, NY

“Memorandum of Certain Jewish Organizations Concerned with the Refugees from Germany and Austria”, July 1938, p. 11/13

The memorandum describes the dramatic situation of German and Austrian Jews, who within only a few years have been systematically reduced to a community of beggars. The comparison with earlier refugee movements, such as that of the Huguenots in the late 17th century or of Germans after the failed revolution of 1848, is intended to convince the conference participants of the positive economic and social effects of immigration. Hence the integration of refugees is described as preferable to their isolation in settlements in uncultivated areas.

Franklin D. Roosevelt Library, Hyde Park, NY

“Memorandum of Certain Jewish Organizations Concerned with the Refugees from Germany and Austria”, July 1938, p. 11/13

The memorandum describes the dramatic situation of German and Austrian Jews, who within only a few years have been systematically reduced to a community of beggars. The comparison with earlier refugee movements, such as that of the Huguenots in the late 17th century or of Germans after the failed revolution of 1848, is intended to convince the conference participants of the positive economic and social effects of immigration. Hence the integration of refugees is described as preferable to their isolation in settlements in uncultivated areas.

Franklin D. Roosevelt Library, Hyde Park, NY

“Memorandum of Certain Jewish Organizations Concerned with the Refugees from Germany and Austria”, July 1938, p. 12/13 The memorandum describes the dramatic situation of German and Austrian Jews, who within only a few years have been systematically reduced to a community of beggars. The comparison with earlier refugee movements, such as that of the Huguenots in the late 17th century or of Germans after the failed revolution of 1848, is intended to convince the conference participants of the positive economic and social effects of immigration. Hence the integration of refugees is described as preferable to their isolation in settlements in uncultivated areas. Franklin D. Roosevelt Library, Hyde Park, NY

“Memorandum of Certain Jewish Organizations Concerned with the Refugees from Germany and Austria”, July 1938, p. 12/13

The memorandum describes the dramatic situation of German and Austrian Jews, who within only a few years have been systematically reduced to a community of beggars. The comparison with earlier refugee movements, such as that of the Huguenots in the late 17th century or of Germans after the failed revolution of 1848, is intended to convince the conference participants of the positive economic and social effects of immigration. Hence the integration of refugees is described as preferable to their isolation in settlements in uncultivated areas.

Franklin D. Roosevelt Library, Hyde Park, NY

“Memorandum of Certain Jewish Organizations Concerned with the Refugees from Germany and Austria”, July 1938, p. 12/13

The memorandum describes the dramatic situation of German and Austrian Jews, who within only a few years have been systematically reduced to a community of beggars. The comparison with earlier refugee movements, such as that of the Huguenots in the late 17th century or of Germans after the failed revolution of 1848, is intended to convince the conference participants of the positive economic and social effects of immigration. Hence the integration of refugees is described as preferable to their isolation in settlements in uncultivated areas.

Franklin D. Roosevelt Library, Hyde Park, NY

“Memorandum of Certain Jewish Organizations Concerned with the Refugees from Germany and Austria”, July 1938, p. 13/13 The memorandum describes the dramatic situation of German and Austrian Jews, who within only a few years have been systematically reduced to a community of beggars. The comparison with earlier refugee movements, such as that of the Huguenots in the late 17th century or of Germans after the failed revolution of 1848, is intended to convince the conference participants of the positive economic and social effects of immigration. Hence the integration of refugees is described as preferable to their isolation in settlements in uncultivated areas. Franklin D. Roosevelt Library, Hyde Park, NY

“Memorandum of Certain Jewish Organizations Concerned with the Refugees from Germany and Austria”, July 1938, p. 13/13

The memorandum describes the dramatic situation of German and Austrian Jews, who within only a few years have been systematically reduced to a community of beggars. The comparison with earlier refugee movements, such as that of the Huguenots in the late 17th century or of Germans after the failed revolution of 1848, is intended to convince the conference participants of the positive economic and social effects of immigration. Hence the integration of refugees is described as preferable to their isolation in settlements in uncultivated areas.

Franklin D. Roosevelt Library, Hyde Park, NY

“Memorandum of Certain Jewish Organizations Concerned with the Refugees from Germany and Austria”, July 1938, p. 13/13

The memorandum describes the dramatic situation of German and Austrian Jews, who within only a few years have been systematically reduced to a community of beggars. The comparison with earlier refugee movements, such as that of the Huguenots in the late 17th century or of Germans after the failed revolution of 1848, is intended to convince the conference participants of the positive economic and social effects of immigration. Hence the integration of refugees is described as preferable to their isolation in settlements in uncultivated areas.

Franklin D. Roosevelt Library, Hyde Park, NY

Nahum Goldmann (right) at the founding of the World Jewish Congress, Geneva, August 13, 1936  As the representative of the World Jewish Congress, Goldmann calls for the conference to protest against the persecution of Jews in Germany; establish agricultural settlements for refugees, especially in Palestine; include the situation of the Jewish population in Eastern Europe in the discussion and, finally, set up an international committee to negotiate immigration quotas. Yad Vashem Archives, Jerusalem

Nahum Goldmann (right) at the founding of the World Jewish Congress, Geneva, August 13, 1936 

As the representative of the World Jewish Congress, Goldmann calls for the conference to protest against the persecution of Jews in Germany; establish agricultural settlements for refugees, especially in Palestine; include the situation of the Jewish population in Eastern Europe in the discussion and, finally, set up an international committee to negotiate immigration quotas.

Yad Vashem Archives, Jerusalem

Nahum Goldmann (right) at the founding of the World Jewish Congress, Geneva, August 13, 1936 

As the representative of the World Jewish Congress, Goldmann calls for the conference to protest against the persecution of Jews in Germany; establish agricultural settlements for refugees, especially in Palestine; include the situation of the Jewish population in Eastern Europe in the discussion and, finally, set up an international committee to negotiate immigration quotas.

Yad Vashem Archives, Jerusalem

Informations de Palestine, July 3, 1938, p. 1/11 In the publication of its representatives at the League of Nations in Geneva, the Jewish Agency for Palestine presents its position on the refugee problem. Schweizerisches Bundesarchiv, Bern, E4800.1#1000867#65

Informations de Palestine, July 3, 1938, p. 1/11

In the publication of its representatives at the League of Nations in Geneva, the Jewish Agency for Palestine presents its position on the refugee problem.

Schweizerisches Bundesarchiv, Bern, E4800.1#1000867#65

Informations de Palestine, July 3, 1938, p. 1/11

In the publication of its representatives at the League of Nations in Geneva, the Jewish Agency for Palestine presents its position on the refugee problem.

Schweizerisches Bundesarchiv, Bern, E4800.1#1000867#65

Informations de Palestine, July 3, 1938, p. 2/11 In the publication of its representatives at the League of Nations in Geneva, the Jewish Agency for Palestine presents its position on the refugee problem. Schweizerisches Bundesarchiv, Bern, E4800.1#1000867#65

Informations de Palestine, July 3, 1938, p. 2/11

In the publication of its representatives at the League of Nations in Geneva, the Jewish Agency for Palestine presents its position on the refugee problem.

Schweizerisches Bundesarchiv, Bern, E4800.1#1000867#65

Informations de Palestine, July 3, 1938, p. 2/11

In the publication of its representatives at the League of Nations in Geneva, the Jewish Agency for Palestine presents its position on the refugee problem.

Schweizerisches Bundesarchiv, Bern, E4800.1#1000867#65

Informations de Palestine, July 3, 1938, p. 3/11 In the publication of its representatives at the League of Nations in Geneva, the Jewish Agency for Palestine presents its position on the refugee problem. Schweizerisches Bundesarchiv, Bern, E4800.1#1000867#65

Informations de Palestine, July 3, 1938, p. 3/11

In the publication of its representatives at the League of Nations in Geneva, the Jewish Agency for Palestine presents its position on the refugee problem.

Schweizerisches Bundesarchiv, Bern, E4800.1#1000867#65

Informations de Palestine, July 3, 1938, p. 3/11

In the publication of its representatives at the League of Nations in Geneva, the Jewish Agency for Palestine presents its position on the refugee problem.

Schweizerisches Bundesarchiv, Bern, E4800.1#1000867#65

Informations de Palestine, July 3, 1938, p. 4/11 In the publication of its representatives at the League of Nations in Geneva, the Jewish Agency for Palestine presents its position on the refugee problem. Schweizerisches Bundesarchiv, Bern, E4800.1#1000867#65

Informations de Palestine, July 3, 1938, p. 4/11

In the publication of its representatives at the League of Nations in Geneva, the Jewish Agency for Palestine presents its position on the refugee problem.

Schweizerisches Bundesarchiv, Bern, E4800.1#1000867#65

Informations de Palestine, July 3, 1938, p. 4/11

In the publication of its representatives at the League of Nations in Geneva, the Jewish Agency for Palestine presents its position on the refugee problem.

Schweizerisches Bundesarchiv, Bern, E4800.1#1000867#65

Informations de Palestine, July 3, 1938, p. 5/11 In the publication of its representatives at the League of Nations in Geneva, the Jewish Agency for Palestine presents its position on the refugee problem. Schweizerisches Bundesarchiv, Bern, E4800.1#1000867#65

Informations de Palestine, July 3, 1938, p. 5/11

In the publication of its representatives at the League of Nations in Geneva, the Jewish Agency for Palestine presents its position on the refugee problem.

Schweizerisches Bundesarchiv, Bern, E4800.1#1000867#65

Informations de Palestine, July 3, 1938, p. 5/11

In the publication of its representatives at the League of Nations in Geneva, the Jewish Agency for Palestine presents its position on the refugee problem.

Schweizerisches Bundesarchiv, Bern, E4800.1#1000867#65

Informations de Palestine, July 3, 1938, p. 6/11 In the publication of its representatives at the League of Nations in Geneva, the Jewish Agency for Palestine presents its position on the refugee problem. Schweizerisches Bundesarchiv, Bern, E4800.1#1000867#65

Informations de Palestine, July 3, 1938, p. 6/11

In the publication of its representatives at the League of Nations in Geneva, the Jewish Agency for Palestine presents its position on the refugee problem.

Schweizerisches Bundesarchiv, Bern, E4800.1#1000867#65

Informations de Palestine, July 3, 1938, p. 6/11

In the publication of its representatives at the League of Nations in Geneva, the Jewish Agency for Palestine presents its position on the refugee problem.

Schweizerisches Bundesarchiv, Bern, E4800.1#1000867#65

Informations de Palestine, July 3, 1938, p. 7/11 In the publication of its representatives at the League of Nations in Geneva, the Jewish Agency for Palestine presents its position on the refugee problem. Schweizerisches Bundesarchiv, Bern, E4800.1#1000867#65

Informations de Palestine, July 3, 1938, p. 7/11

In the publication of its representatives at the League of Nations in Geneva, the Jewish Agency for Palestine presents its position on the refugee problem.

Schweizerisches Bundesarchiv, Bern, E4800.1#1000867#65

Informations de Palestine, July 3, 1938, p. 7/11

In the publication of its representatives at the League of Nations in Geneva, the Jewish Agency for Palestine presents its position on the refugee problem.

Schweizerisches Bundesarchiv, Bern, E4800.1#1000867#65

Informations de Palestine, July 3, 1938, p. 8/11 In the publication of its representatives at the League of Nations in Geneva, the Jewish Agency for Palestine presents its position on the refugee problem. Schweizerisches Bundesarchiv, Bern, E4800.1#1000867#65

Informations de Palestine, July 3, 1938, p. 8/11

In the publication of its representatives at the League of Nations in Geneva, the Jewish Agency for Palestine presents its position on the refugee problem.

Schweizerisches Bundesarchiv, Bern, E4800.1#1000867#65

Informations de Palestine, July 3, 1938, p. 8/11

In the publication of its representatives at the League of Nations in Geneva, the Jewish Agency for Palestine presents its position on the refugee problem.

Schweizerisches Bundesarchiv, Bern, E4800.1#1000867#65

Informations de Palestine, July 3, 1938, p. 9/11 In the publication of its representatives at the League of Nations in Geneva, the Jewish Agency for Palestine presents its position on the refugee problem. Schweizerisches Bundesarchiv, Bern, E4800.1#1000867#65

Informations de Palestine, July 3, 1938, p. 9/11

In the publication of its representatives at the League of Nations in Geneva, the Jewish Agency for Palestine presents its position on the refugee problem.

Schweizerisches Bundesarchiv, Bern, E4800.1#1000867#65

Informations de Palestine, July 3, 1938, p. 9/11

In the publication of its representatives at the League of Nations in Geneva, the Jewish Agency for Palestine presents its position on the refugee problem.

Schweizerisches Bundesarchiv, Bern, E4800.1#1000867#65

Informations de Palestine, July 3, 1938, p. 10/11 In the publication of its representatives at the League of Nations in Geneva, the Jewish Agency for Palestine presents its position on the refugee problem. Schweizerisches Bundesarchiv, Bern, E4800.1#1000867#65

Informations de Palestine, July 3, 1938, p. 10/11

In the publication of its representatives at the League of Nations in Geneva, the Jewish Agency for Palestine presents its position on the refugee problem.

Schweizerisches Bundesarchiv, Bern, E4800.1#1000867#65

Informations de Palestine, July 3, 1938, p. 10/11

In the publication of its representatives at the League of Nations in Geneva, the Jewish Agency for Palestine presents its position on the refugee problem.

Schweizerisches Bundesarchiv, Bern, E4800.1#1000867#65

Informations de Palestine, July 3, 1938, p. 11/11 In the publication of its representatives at the League of Nations in Geneva, the Jewish Agency for Palestine presents its position on the refugee problem. Schweizerisches Bundesarchiv, Bern, E4800.1#1000867#65

Informations de Palestine, July 3, 1938, p. 11/11

In the publication of its representatives at the League of Nations in Geneva, the Jewish Agency for Palestine presents its position on the refugee problem.

Schweizerisches Bundesarchiv, Bern, E4800.1#1000867#65

Informations de Palestine, July 3, 1938, p. 11/11

In the publication of its representatives at the League of Nations in Geneva, the Jewish Agency for Palestine presents its position on the refugee problem.

Schweizerisches Bundesarchiv, Bern, E4800.1#1000867#65

Golda Myerson, around 1943  Golda Myerson, head of the political department on the board of the Zionist Trade Union Confederation, takes part in the conference for the Jewish Agency of Palestine. She is greatly disappointed by how the conference proceeds, commenting to the press that “There is only one thing I hope to see before I die and that is that my people should not need expressions of sympathy anymore.” Central Zionist Archives, Jerusalem

Golda Myerson, around 1943 

Golda Myerson, head of the political department on the board of the Zionist Trade Union Confederation, takes part in the conference for the Jewish Agency of Palestine. She is greatly disappointed by how the conference proceeds, commenting to the press that “There is only one thing I hope to see before I die and that is that my people should not need expressions of sympathy anymore.”

Central Zionist Archives, Jerusalem

Golda Myerson, around 1943 

Golda Myerson, head of the political department on the board of the Zionist Trade Union Confederation, takes part in the conference for the Jewish Agency of Palestine. She is greatly disappointed by how the conference proceeds, commenting to the press that “There is only one thing I hope to see before I die and that is that my people should not need expressions of sympathy anymore.”

Central Zionist Archives, Jerusalem

Poster of the Workers’ Party of the Land of Israel (Mapai), Haifa district, August 1938  The poster promotes a lecture by “comrade Golda Myerson” on the topic “America – Évian – Eretz Israel” on August 20, 1938 in Haifa. In her memoirs, the future president of Israel Golda Meir complains of having heard only “phrases” in Évian – phrases that confirmed her belief that every nation has its own answer to the question of existence or non-existence: “The Jews should not be dependent on anyone giving them permission to stay alive.” Central Zionist Archives, Jerusalem

Poster of the Workers’ Party of the Land of Israel (Mapai), Haifa district, August 1938 

The poster promotes a lecture by “comrade Golda Myerson” on the topic “America – Évian – Eretz Israel” on August 20, 1938 in Haifa. In her memoirs, the future president of Israel Golda Meir complains of having heard only “phrases” in Évian – phrases that confirmed her belief that every nation has its own answer to the question of existence or non-existence: “The Jews should not be dependent on anyone giving them permission to stay alive.”

Central Zionist Archives, Jerusalem

Poster of the Workers’ Party of the Land of Israel (Mapai), Haifa district, August 1938 

The poster promotes a lecture by “comrade Golda Myerson” on the topic “America – Évian – Eretz Israel” on August 20, 1938 in Haifa. In her memoirs, the future president of Israel Golda Meir complains of having heard only “phrases” in Évian – phrases that confirmed her belief that every nation has its own answer to the question of existence or non-existence: “The Jews should not be dependent on anyone giving them permission to stay alive.”

Central Zionist Archives, Jerusalem

Norman Bentwich speaking with Henry Bérenger at the conference Norman Bentwich, representative of the Council for German Jewry, already worked closely with the representatives of the “Big Three” during preparations for the conference. After submitting a joint memorandum from several Jewish organizations to the conference and addressing the subcommittee with a plea for greater receptivity by the states towards the refugees, Bentwich attempts in London to recruit select British politicians to participate in the planned Intergovernmental Committee for Refugees. Zürcher Illustrierte, No. 29, July 15, 1938 / Zentralbibliothek Zürich
Norman Bentwich to Myron C. Taylor in Schifanoia, May 1, 1938 Franklin D. Roosevelt Library, Hyde Park, NY
“Memorandum of Certain Jewish Organizations Concerned with the Refugees from Germany and Austria”, July 1938, p. 1/13 The memorandum describes the dramatic situation of German and Austrian Jews, who within only a few years have been systematically reduced to a community of beggars. The comparison with earlier refugee movements, such as that of the Huguenots in the late 17th century or of Germans after the failed revolution of 1848, is intended to convince the conference participants of the positive economic and social effects of immigration. Hence the integration of refugees is described as preferable to their isolation in settlements in uncultivated areas. Franklin D. Roosevelt Library, Hyde Park, NY
“Memorandum of Certain Jewish Organizations Concerned with the Refugees from Germany and Austria”, July 1938, p. 2/13 The memorandum describes the dramatic situation of German and Austrian Jews, who within only a few years have been systematically reduced to a community of beggars. The comparison with earlier refugee movements, such as that of the Huguenots in the late 17th century or of Germans after the failed revolution of 1848, is intended to convince the conference participants of the positive economic and social effects of immigration. Hence the integration of refugees is described as preferable to their isolation in settlements in uncultivated areas. Franklin D. Roosevelt Library, Hyde Park, NY
“Memorandum of Certain Jewish Organizations Concerned with the Refugees from Germany and Austria”, July 1938, p. 3/13 The memorandum describes the dramatic situation of German and Austrian Jews, who within only a few years have been systematically reduced to a community of beggars. The comparison with earlier refugee movements, such as that of the Huguenots in the late 17th century or of Germans after the failed revolution of 1848, is intended to convince the conference participants of the positive economic and social effects of immigration. Hence the integration of refugees is described as preferable to their isolation in settlements in uncultivated areas. Franklin D. Roosevelt Library, Hyde Park, NY
“Memorandum of Certain Jewish Organizations Concerned with the Refugees from Germany and Austria”, July 1938, p. 4/13 The memorandum describes the dramatic situation of German and Austrian Jews, who within only a few years have been systematically reduced to a community of beggars. The comparison with earlier refugee movements, such as that of the Huguenots in the late 17th century or of Germans after the failed revolution of 1848, is intended to convince the conference participants of the positive economic and social effects of immigration. Hence the integration of refugees is described as preferable to their isolation in settlements in uncultivated areas. Franklin D. Roosevelt Library, Hyde Park, NY
“Memorandum of Certain Jewish Organizations Concerned with the Refugees from Germany and Austria”, July 1938, p. 5/13 The memorandum describes the dramatic situation of German and Austrian Jews, who within only a few years have been systematically reduced to a community of beggars. The comparison with earlier refugee movements, such as that of the Huguenots in the late 17th century or of Germans after the failed revolution of 1848, is intended to convince the conference participants of the positive economic and social effects of immigration. Hence the integration of refugees is described as preferable to their isolation in settlements in uncultivated areas. Franklin D. Roosevelt Library, Hyde Park, NY
“Memorandum of Certain Jewish Organizations Concerned with the Refugees from Germany and Austria”, July 1938, p. 6/13 The memorandum describes the dramatic situation of German and Austrian Jews, who within only a few years have been systematically reduced to a community of beggars. The comparison with earlier refugee movements, such as that of the Huguenots in the late 17th century or of Germans after the failed revolution of 1848, is intended to convince the conference participants of the positive economic and social effects of immigration. Hence the integration of refugees is described as preferable to their isolation in settlements in uncultivated areas. Franklin D. Roosevelt Library, Hyde Park, NY
“Memorandum of Certain Jewish Organizations Concerned with the Refugees from Germany and Austria”, July 1938, p. 7/13 The memorandum describes the dramatic situation of German and Austrian Jews, who within only a few years have been systematically reduced to a community of beggars. The comparison with earlier refugee movements, such as that of the Huguenots in the late 17th century or of Germans after the failed revolution of 1848, is intended to convince the conference participants of the positive economic and social effects of immigration. Hence the integration of refugees is described as preferable to their isolation in settlements in uncultivated areas. Franklin D. Roosevelt Library, Hyde Park, NY
“Memorandum of Certain Jewish Organizations Concerned with the Refugees from Germany and Austria”, July 1938, p. 8/13 The memorandum describes the dramatic situation of German and Austrian Jews, who within only a few years have been systematically reduced to a community of beggars. The comparison with earlier refugee movements, such as that of the Huguenots in the late 17th century or of Germans after the failed revolution of 1848, is intended to convince the conference participants of the positive economic and social effects of immigration. Hence the integration of refugees is described as preferable to their isolation in settlements in uncultivated areas. Franklin D. Roosevelt Library, Hyde Park, NY
“Memorandum of Certain Jewish Organizations Concerned with the Refugees from Germany and Austria”, July 1938, p. 9/13 The memorandum describes the dramatic situation of German and Austrian Jews, who within only a few years have been systematically reduced to a community of beggars. The comparison with earlier refugee movements, such as that of the Huguenots in the late 17th century or of Germans after the failed revolution of 1848, is intended to convince the conference participants of the positive economic and social effects of immigration. Hence the integration of refugees is described as preferable to their isolation in settlements in uncultivated areas. Franklin D. Roosevelt Library, Hyde Park, NY
“Memorandum of Certain Jewish Organizations Concerned with the Refugees from Germany and Austria”, July 1938, p. 10/13 The memorandum describes the dramatic situation of German and Austrian Jews, who within only a few years have been systematically reduced to a community of beggars. The comparison with earlier refugee movements, such as that of the Huguenots in the late 17th century or of Germans after the failed revolution of 1848, is intended to convince the conference participants of the positive economic and social effects of immigration. Hence the integration of refugees is described as preferable to their isolation in settlements in uncultivated areas. Franklin D. Roosevelt Library, Hyde Park, NY
“Memorandum of Certain Jewish Organizations Concerned with the Refugees from Germany and Austria”, July 1938, p. 11/13 The memorandum describes the dramatic situation of German and Austrian Jews, who within only a few years have been systematically reduced to a community of beggars. The comparison with earlier refugee movements, such as that of the Huguenots in the late 17th century or of Germans after the failed revolution of 1848, is intended to convince the conference participants of the positive economic and social effects of immigration. Hence the integration of refugees is described as preferable to their isolation in settlements in uncultivated areas. Franklin D. Roosevelt Library, Hyde Park, NY
“Memorandum of Certain Jewish Organizations Concerned with the Refugees from Germany and Austria”, July 1938, p. 12/13 The memorandum describes the dramatic situation of German and Austrian Jews, who within only a few years have been systematically reduced to a community of beggars. The comparison with earlier refugee movements, such as that of the Huguenots in the late 17th century or of Germans after the failed revolution of 1848, is intended to convince the conference participants of the positive economic and social effects of immigration. Hence the integration of refugees is described as preferable to their isolation in settlements in uncultivated areas. Franklin D. Roosevelt Library, Hyde Park, NY
“Memorandum of Certain Jewish Organizations Concerned with the Refugees from Germany and Austria”, July 1938, p. 13/13 The memorandum describes the dramatic situation of German and Austrian Jews, who within only a few years have been systematically reduced to a community of beggars. The comparison with earlier refugee movements, such as that of the Huguenots in the late 17th century or of Germans after the failed revolution of 1848, is intended to convince the conference participants of the positive economic and social effects of immigration. Hence the integration of refugees is described as preferable to their isolation in settlements in uncultivated areas. Franklin D. Roosevelt Library, Hyde Park, NY
Nahum Goldmann (right) at the founding of the World Jewish Congress, Geneva, August 13, 1936  As the representative of the World Jewish Congress, Goldmann calls for the conference to protest against the persecution of Jews in Germany; establish agricultural settlements for refugees, especially in Palestine; include the situation of the Jewish population in Eastern Europe in the discussion and, finally, set up an international committee to negotiate immigration quotas. Yad Vashem Archives, Jerusalem
Informations de Palestine, July 3, 1938, p. 1/11 In the publication of its representatives at the League of Nations in Geneva, the Jewish Agency for Palestine presents its position on the refugee problem. Schweizerisches Bundesarchiv, Bern, E4800.1#1000867#65
Informations de Palestine, July 3, 1938, p. 2/11 In the publication of its representatives at the League of Nations in Geneva, the Jewish Agency for Palestine presents its position on the refugee problem. Schweizerisches Bundesarchiv, Bern, E4800.1#1000867#65
Informations de Palestine, July 3, 1938, p. 3/11 In the publication of its representatives at the League of Nations in Geneva, the Jewish Agency for Palestine presents its position on the refugee problem. Schweizerisches Bundesarchiv, Bern, E4800.1#1000867#65
Informations de Palestine, July 3, 1938, p. 4/11 In the publication of its representatives at the League of Nations in Geneva, the Jewish Agency for Palestine presents its position on the refugee problem. Schweizerisches Bundesarchiv, Bern, E4800.1#1000867#65
Informations de Palestine, July 3, 1938, p. 5/11 In the publication of its representatives at the League of Nations in Geneva, the Jewish Agency for Palestine presents its position on the refugee problem. Schweizerisches Bundesarchiv, Bern, E4800.1#1000867#65
Informations de Palestine, July 3, 1938, p. 6/11 In the publication of its representatives at the League of Nations in Geneva, the Jewish Agency for Palestine presents its position on the refugee problem. Schweizerisches Bundesarchiv, Bern, E4800.1#1000867#65
Informations de Palestine, July 3, 1938, p. 7/11 In the publication of its representatives at the League of Nations in Geneva, the Jewish Agency for Palestine presents its position on the refugee problem. Schweizerisches Bundesarchiv, Bern, E4800.1#1000867#65
Informations de Palestine, July 3, 1938, p. 8/11 In the publication of its representatives at the League of Nations in Geneva, the Jewish Agency for Palestine presents its position on the refugee problem. Schweizerisches Bundesarchiv, Bern, E4800.1#1000867#65
Informations de Palestine, July 3, 1938, p. 9/11 In the publication of its representatives at the League of Nations in Geneva, the Jewish Agency for Palestine presents its position on the refugee problem. Schweizerisches Bundesarchiv, Bern, E4800.1#1000867#65
Informations de Palestine, July 3, 1938, p. 10/11 In the publication of its representatives at the League of Nations in Geneva, the Jewish Agency for Palestine presents its position on the refugee problem. Schweizerisches Bundesarchiv, Bern, E4800.1#1000867#65
Informations de Palestine, July 3, 1938, p. 11/11 In the publication of its representatives at the League of Nations in Geneva, the Jewish Agency for Palestine presents its position on the refugee problem. Schweizerisches Bundesarchiv, Bern, E4800.1#1000867#65
Golda Myerson, around 1943  Golda Myerson, head of the political department on the board of the Zionist Trade Union Confederation, takes part in the conference for the Jewish Agency of Palestine. She is greatly disappointed by how the conference proceeds, commenting to the press that “There is only one thing I hope to see before I die and that is that my people should not need expressions of sympathy anymore.” Central Zionist Archives, Jerusalem
Poster of the Workers’ Party of the Land of Israel (Mapai), Haifa district, August 1938  The poster promotes a lecture by “comrade Golda Myerson” on the topic “America – Évian – Eretz Israel” on August 20, 1938 in Haifa. In her memoirs, the future president of Israel Golda Meir complains of having heard only “phrases” in Évian – phrases that confirmed her belief that every nation has its own answer to the question of existence or non-existence: “The Jews should not be dependent on anyone giving them permission to stay alive.” Central Zionist Archives, Jerusalem