United States of America

United States of America

Der Brockhaus-Atlas. Die Welt in Bild und Karte, Leipzig: F. A. Brockhaus 1937

Der Brockhaus-Atlas. Die Welt in Bild und Karte, Leipzig: F. A. Brockhaus 1937

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Der Brockhaus-Atlas. Die Welt in Bild und Karte, Leipzig: F. A. Brockhaus 1937
United States of America 1938
...................
Population ca. 128,000,000
Area (km²) ca. 7,840,000
Inhabitants per km² 16
Gross domestic product per inhabitant Gross domestic product p. inhab. 511 US$
Jewish population before 1938 Jewish pop. before 1938 4,500,000 (3.5 %)
Profession
Agriculture and forestry 22 %
Mining and industry 35 %
Trade and transport 27 %
Other professions 15 %

 

Policy on Immigration and Refugees

For more than a century after its founding, the United States of America allows nearly unlimited immigration and sees itself as a haven for the religiously and politically persecuted. At the end of the 19th century, federal laws are introduced barring immigration particularly from China and Japan.

A regulation of the Immigration Act of 1882 remains effective in the long term: It denies entry into the US to convicted criminals (unless they are deemed to be victims of political persecution); the “mentally ill”; and people who are unlikely to be able to provide for themselves and therefore could become wards of the state. The latter clause is reaffirmed in the Immigration Act of 1917, which adds restrictions affecting, for example, illiterate persons.

And the Emergency Quota Act of 1921 sets the first quotas for individual countries of origin, in response to a sharp increase in immigration from Eastern and Southern Europe after 1880; the quotas are determined three years later in the Immigration Act: Germany is allocated 25,957 slots and Austria 1,413.

In September 1930, in response to the global economic crisis and a sharp rise in unemployment in the US, the government of President Herbert Hoover instructs US consulates to interpret the Immigration Act much more restrictively, which leads to a sharp drop in immigration to the US in the following years. This does not change until the Roosevelt administration introduces new administrative regulations in early 1937 and hires additional consulate staff. Still, not even half of Germany’s quota is filled this year.

In 1937, unemployment in the US reaches record levels of between 8 and 14 million. Most Americans fear immigrants as competitors in the job market. Isolationist, nativist and antisemitic tendencies lead to calls for a reduction of the already low numbers of Jewish refugees in particular. Thus any efforts to increase quotas or to admit Jewish refugees outside the quotas are doomed.

In its only concession ahead of the Évian Conference, the US government agrees to merge the Austrian quota with the German quota in April 1938, raising it to 27,370. Between 1933 and the start of World War II, some 95,000 Jews emigrate from Germany and Austria to the US.

 

Telegram from Newton Jenkins to Cordell Hull, March 25, 1938 Reactions within the US to the initiative for an international conference on refugees vary greatly. Newton Jenkins is the figurehead of a Third Party formed by antisemitic and Nazi groups; as its candidate he receives 8.3 percent of the votes in Chicago mayoral elections in 1935. He “protest[s] vigorously” against such a conference, which he says “is calculated to flood our country with racial refugees from Austria and elsewhere,” and recommends the US adopt Adolf Hitler’s policy toward Jews. National Archives, College Park, MD

Telegram from Newton Jenkins to Cordell Hull, March 25, 1938

Reactions within the US to the initiative for an international conference on refugees vary greatly. Newton Jenkins is the figurehead of a Third Party formed by antisemitic and Nazi groups; as its candidate he receives 8.3 percent of the votes in Chicago mayoral elections in 1935. He “protest[s] vigorously” against such a conference, which he says “is calculated to flood our country with racial refugees from Austria and elsewhere,” and recommends the US adopt Adolf Hitler’s policy toward Jews.

National Archives, College Park, MD

Applicants in the US Embassy Visa Office on Pariser Platz in Berlin, 1938 Many emigrants dream of coming to the US. But the consulates in Germany and Austria do not have the staff to handle the large number of visa applications. Since visa issuance is entirely at the discretion of consular officials, there is no guarantee that applicants will receive the documents, even if they are able to bring their assets with them or have financial guarantees from relatives in the US. International News Service / New York Times Magazine, July 23, 1938

Applicants in the US Embassy Visa Office on Pariser Platz in Berlin, 1938

Many emigrants dream of coming to the US. But the consulates in Germany and Austria do not have the staff to handle the large number of visa applications. Since visa issuance is entirely at the discretion of consular officials, there is no guarantee that applicants will receive the documents, even if they are able to bring their assets with them or have financial guarantees from relatives in the US.

International News Service / New York Times Magazine, July 23, 1938

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Telegram from Newton Jenkins to Cordell Hull, March 25, 1938 Reactions within the US to the initiative for an international conference on refugees vary greatly. Newton Jenkins is the figurehead of a Third Party formed by antisemitic and Nazi groups; as its candidate he receives 8.3 percent of the votes in Chicago mayoral elections in 1935. He “protest[s] vigorously” against such a conference, which he says “is calculated to flood our country with racial refugees from Austria and elsewhere,” and recommends the US adopt Adolf Hitler’s policy toward Jews. National Archives, College Park, MD

Telegram from Newton Jenkins to Cordell Hull, March 25, 1938

Reactions within the US to the initiative for an international conference on refugees vary greatly. Newton Jenkins is the figurehead of a Third Party formed by antisemitic and Nazi groups; as its candidate he receives 8.3 percent of the votes in Chicago mayoral elections in 1935. He “protest[s] vigorously” against such a conference, which he says “is calculated to flood our country with racial refugees from Austria and elsewhere,” and recommends the US adopt Adolf Hitler’s policy toward Jews.

National Archives, College Park, MD

Telegram from Newton Jenkins to Cordell Hull, March 25, 1938

Reactions within the US to the initiative for an international conference on refugees vary greatly. Newton Jenkins is the figurehead of a Third Party formed by antisemitic and Nazi groups; as its candidate he receives 8.3 percent of the votes in Chicago mayoral elections in 1935. He “protest[s] vigorously” against such a conference, which he says “is calculated to flood our country with racial refugees from Austria and elsewhere,” and recommends the US adopt Adolf Hitler’s policy toward Jews.

National Archives, College Park, MD

Applicants in the US Embassy Visa Office on Pariser Platz in Berlin, 1938 Many emigrants dream of coming to the US. But the consulates in Germany and Austria do not have the staff to handle the large number of visa applications. Since visa issuance is entirely at the discretion of consular officials, there is no guarantee that applicants will receive the documents, even if they are able to bring their assets with them or have financial guarantees from relatives in the US. International News Service / New York Times Magazine, July 23, 1938

Applicants in the US Embassy Visa Office on Pariser Platz in Berlin, 1938

Many emigrants dream of coming to the US. But the consulates in Germany and Austria do not have the staff to handle the large number of visa applications. Since visa issuance is entirely at the discretion of consular officials, there is no guarantee that applicants will receive the documents, even if they are able to bring their assets with them or have financial guarantees from relatives in the US.

International News Service / New York Times Magazine, July 23, 1938

Applicants in the US Embassy Visa Office on Pariser Platz in Berlin, 1938

Many emigrants dream of coming to the US. But the consulates in Germany and Austria do not have the staff to handle the large number of visa applications. Since visa issuance is entirely at the discretion of consular officials, there is no guarantee that applicants will receive the documents, even if they are able to bring their assets with them or have financial guarantees from relatives in the US.

International News Service / New York Times Magazine, July 23, 1938

Telegram from Newton Jenkins to Cordell Hull, March 25, 1938 Reactions within the US to the initiative for an international conference on refugees vary greatly. Newton Jenkins is the figurehead of a Third Party formed by antisemitic and Nazi groups; as its candidate he receives 8.3 percent of the votes in Chicago mayoral elections in 1935. He “protest[s] vigorously” against such a conference, which he says “is calculated to flood our country with racial refugees from Austria and elsewhere,” and recommends the US adopt Adolf Hitler’s policy toward Jews. National Archives, College Park, MD
Applicants in the US Embassy Visa Office on Pariser Platz in Berlin, 1938 Many emigrants dream of coming to the US. But the consulates in Germany and Austria do not have the staff to handle the large number of visa applications. Since visa issuance is entirely at the discretion of consular officials, there is no guarantee that applicants will receive the documents, even if they are able to bring their assets with them or have financial guarantees from relatives in the US. International News Service / New York Times Magazine, July 23, 1938

Delegation

Myron Charles Taylor

* 18 January 1874 Lyons, NY   † 5 May 1959 New York, NY

After studying law, Myron C. Taylor works as an attorney in the town of his birth. In 1900 he joins his brother’s Wall Street office, and specializes in corporate law. He invests his profits from a government contract for envelopes, and from the invention of the window envelope, in the purchase of failing cotton mills, which he renovates through workplace and technical modernization.

In 1925 Taylor joins the financial board of the ailing steel giant U.S. Steel, and manages to restructure the firm before the global economic crisis of 1929. In 1932 he takes over as CEO and then in 1937 he unexpectedly opens the firm to cooperation with the trade unions.

As a successful entrepreneur, he supports the Democrat Franklin D. Roosevelt in his election campaigns. In 1938 Roosevelt asks him to represent the US at the planned refugee conference in Évian: “All you need to do is get these people together.” From December 1939 until his retirement in 1950, Taylor serves successive US presidents as a “personal envoy” to the Pope and other religious leaders.

Myron Charles Taylor returning from Europe to the US, September 4, 1939 Bettmann Archive / Getty Images

Myron Charles Taylor returning from Europe to the US, September 4, 1939

Bettmann Archive / Getty Images

Villa Schifanoia, picture postcard, undated Though Taylor is experienced in negotiations with trade unions and business partners, he has not yet dealt with the refugee challenge. Therefore, at the end of April 1938, in preparation for the conference, he retires to the Renaissance-era Villa Schifanoia near Florence, which he had acquired in 1927 and restored, and to which he had added a terraced Italian garden. Stengel & Co., Dresden, No. 10995

Villa Schifanoia, picture postcard, undated

Though Taylor is experienced in negotiations with trade unions and business partners, he has not yet dealt with the refugee challenge. Therefore, at the end of April 1938, in preparation for the conference, he retires to the Renaissance-era Villa Schifanoia near Florence, which he had acquired in 1927 and restored, and to which he had added a terraced Italian garden.

Stengel & Co., Dresden, No. 10995

President Roosevelt’s Letter of Appointment for Myron C. Taylor, April 26, 1938 Franklin D. Roosevelt Library, Hyde Park, NY

President Roosevelt’s Letter of Appointment for Myron C. Taylor, April 26, 1938

Franklin D. Roosevelt Library, Hyde Park, NY

Myron C. Taylor and Pope Pius XII at the Vatican, September 5, 1947 In December 1939, Taylor is sent to Rome as Roosevelt’s “personal envoy” to Pope Pius XII. His first task is to stop Italy from entering the war alongside Germany, and then to convince the Pope of the eventual victory of the Allies and persuade him to protest against the persecution of the Jews. Bettmann Archive / Getty Images

Myron C. Taylor and Pope Pius XII at the Vatican, September 5, 1947

In December 1939, Taylor is sent to Rome as Roosevelt’s “personal envoy” to Pope Pius XII. His first task is to stop Italy from entering the war alongside Germany, and then to convince the Pope of the eventual victory of the Allies and persuade him to protest against the persecution of the Jews.

Bettmann Archive / Getty Images

Myron Charles Taylor returning from Europe to the US, September 4, 1939 Bettmann Archive / Getty Images

Myron Charles Taylor returning from Europe to the US, September 4, 1939

Bettmann Archive / Getty Images

Myron Charles Taylor returning from Europe to the US, September 4, 1939

Bettmann Archive / Getty Images

Villa Schifanoia, picture postcard, undated Though Taylor is experienced in negotiations with trade unions and business partners, he has not yet dealt with the refugee challenge. Therefore, at the end of April 1938, in preparation for the conference, he retires to the Renaissance-era Villa Schifanoia near Florence, which he had acquired in 1927 and restored, and to which he had added a terraced Italian garden. Stengel & Co., Dresden, No. 10995

Villa Schifanoia, picture postcard, undated

Though Taylor is experienced in negotiations with trade unions and business partners, he has not yet dealt with the refugee challenge. Therefore, at the end of April 1938, in preparation for the conference, he retires to the Renaissance-era Villa Schifanoia near Florence, which he had acquired in 1927 and restored, and to which he had added a terraced Italian garden.

Stengel & Co., Dresden, No. 10995

Villa Schifanoia, picture postcard, undated

Though Taylor is experienced in negotiations with trade unions and business partners, he has not yet dealt with the refugee challenge. Therefore, at the end of April 1938, in preparation for the conference, he retires to the Renaissance-era Villa Schifanoia near Florence, which he had acquired in 1927 and restored, and to which he had added a terraced Italian garden.

Stengel & Co., Dresden, No. 10995

President Roosevelt’s Letter of Appointment for Myron C. Taylor, April 26, 1938 Franklin D. Roosevelt Library, Hyde Park, NY

President Roosevelt’s Letter of Appointment for Myron C. Taylor, April 26, 1938

Franklin D. Roosevelt Library, Hyde Park, NY

President Roosevelt’s Letter of Appointment for Myron C. Taylor, April 26, 1938

Franklin D. Roosevelt Library, Hyde Park, NY

Myron C. Taylor and Pope Pius XII at the Vatican, September 5, 1947 In December 1939, Taylor is sent to Rome as Roosevelt’s “personal envoy” to Pope Pius XII. His first task is to stop Italy from entering the war alongside Germany, and then to convince the Pope of the eventual victory of the Allies and persuade him to protest against the persecution of the Jews. Bettmann Archive / Getty Images

Myron C. Taylor and Pope Pius XII at the Vatican, September 5, 1947

In December 1939, Taylor is sent to Rome as Roosevelt’s “personal envoy” to Pope Pius XII. His first task is to stop Italy from entering the war alongside Germany, and then to convince the Pope of the eventual victory of the Allies and persuade him to protest against the persecution of the Jews.

Bettmann Archive / Getty Images

Myron C. Taylor and Pope Pius XII at the Vatican, September 5, 1947

In December 1939, Taylor is sent to Rome as Roosevelt’s “personal envoy” to Pope Pius XII. His first task is to stop Italy from entering the war alongside Germany, and then to convince the Pope of the eventual victory of the Allies and persuade him to protest against the persecution of the Jews.

Bettmann Archive / Getty Images

Myron Charles Taylor returning from Europe to the US, September 4, 1939 Bettmann Archive / Getty Images
Villa Schifanoia, picture postcard, undated Though Taylor is experienced in negotiations with trade unions and business partners, he has not yet dealt with the refugee challenge. Therefore, at the end of April 1938, in preparation for the conference, he retires to the Renaissance-era Villa Schifanoia near Florence, which he had acquired in 1927 and restored, and to which he had added a terraced Italian garden. Stengel & Co., Dresden, No. 10995
President Roosevelt’s Letter of Appointment for Myron C. Taylor, April 26, 1938 Franklin D. Roosevelt Library, Hyde Park, NY
Myron C. Taylor and Pope Pius XII at the Vatican, September 5, 1947 In December 1939, Taylor is sent to Rome as Roosevelt’s “personal envoy” to Pope Pius XII. His first task is to stop Italy from entering the war alongside Germany, and then to convince the Pope of the eventual victory of the Allies and persuade him to protest against the persecution of the Jews. Bettmann Archive / Getty Images

James Grover McDonald

* 29 November 1886 Coldwater, OH   † 25 September 1964 White Plains, NY

After studying history and political science at Indiana University, James McDonald teaches there and at other universities. Because of his mother’s German roots, he often visits Germany, where he also meets leading National Socialists. His conversations with them convince him early on that the Nazi regime aims to annihilate European Jewry.

When the League of Nations creates the post of High Commissioner for Refugees from Germany in 1933, McDonald occupies this position for only two years, and then resigns due to a lack of support. Shortly afterwards he is appointed as an editor at the New York Times. In April 1938, President Roosevelt names him chair of his Advisory Committee on Refugees. That same year, McDonald is appointed president of the Brooklyn Institute of Arts and Sciences and in 1942 he becomes a commentator for the Columbia Broadcasting Corporation.

In 1946 he belongs to a British-American committee of inquiry that advocates the admission of 100,000 Jewish displaced persons to Palestine. He is named US Special Envoy to Israel in 1948 and one year later becomes the first US Ambassador to the new state. After his return to the US in 1951, McDonald declares himself a Zionist and speaks up for Israel for the rest of his life.

James Grover McDonald after his appointment as High Commissioner for Refugees from Germany, New York, October 7, 1933 Photo: International Press Photo / Getty Images

James Grover McDonald after his appointment as High Commissioner for Refugees from Germany, New York, October 7, 1933

Photo: International Press Photo / Getty Images

McDonald’s resignation as High Commissioner for Refugees from Germany, December 27, 1935 After the Vatican and the US Congress, among others, repeatedly fail to keep their promises, McDonald resigns due to a lack of sympathy with refugees. In his stunning announcement of resignation, he sharply criticizes the Nazi regime. Schweizerisches Bundesarchiv, Bern, E4800.1#1000867#72

McDonald’s resignation as High Commissioner for Refugees from Germany, December 27, 1935

After the Vatican and the US Congress, among others, repeatedly fail to keep their promises, McDonald resigns due to a lack of sympathy with refugees. In his stunning announcement of resignation, he sharply criticizes the Nazi regime.

Schweizerisches Bundesarchiv, Bern, E4800.1#1000867#72

Nazi commentary on McDonald’s resignation as High Commissioner for Refugees, Völkischer Beobachter, January 3, 1936 Bundesarchiv, Berlin, R 58-3426a, Bl. 25

Nazi commentary on McDonald’s resignation as High Commissioner for Refugees, Völkischer Beobachter, January 3, 1936

Bundesarchiv, Berlin, R 58-3426a, Bl. 25

James Grover McDonald after his appointment as High Commissioner for Refugees from Germany, New York, October 7, 1933 Photo: International Press Photo / Getty Images

James Grover McDonald after his appointment as High Commissioner for Refugees from Germany, New York, October 7, 1933

Photo: International Press Photo / Getty Images

James Grover McDonald after his appointment as High Commissioner for Refugees from Germany, New York, October 7, 1933

Photo: International Press Photo / Getty Images

McDonald’s resignation as High Commissioner for Refugees from Germany, December 27, 1935 After the Vatican and the US Congress, among others, repeatedly fail to keep their promises, McDonald resigns due to a lack of sympathy with refugees. In his stunning announcement of resignation, he sharply criticizes the Nazi regime. Schweizerisches Bundesarchiv, Bern, E4800.1#1000867#72

McDonald’s resignation as High Commissioner for Refugees from Germany, December 27, 1935

After the Vatican and the US Congress, among others, repeatedly fail to keep their promises, McDonald resigns due to a lack of sympathy with refugees. In his stunning announcement of resignation, he sharply criticizes the Nazi regime.

Schweizerisches Bundesarchiv, Bern, E4800.1#1000867#72

McDonald’s resignation as High Commissioner for Refugees from Germany, December 27, 1935

After the Vatican and the US Congress, among others, repeatedly fail to keep their promises, McDonald resigns due to a lack of sympathy with refugees. In his stunning announcement of resignation, he sharply criticizes the Nazi regime.

Schweizerisches Bundesarchiv, Bern, E4800.1#1000867#72

Nazi commentary on McDonald’s resignation as High Commissioner for Refugees, Völkischer Beobachter, January 3, 1936 Bundesarchiv, Berlin, R 58-3426a, Bl. 25

Nazi commentary on McDonald’s resignation as High Commissioner for Refugees, Völkischer Beobachter, January 3, 1936

Bundesarchiv, Berlin, R 58-3426a, Bl. 25

Nazi commentary on McDonald’s resignation as High Commissioner for Refugees, Völkischer Beobachter, January 3, 1936

Bundesarchiv, Berlin, R 58-3426a, Bl. 25

James Grover McDonald after his appointment as High Commissioner for Refugees from Germany, New York, October 7, 1933 Photo: International Press Photo / Getty Images
McDonald’s resignation as High Commissioner for Refugees from Germany, December 27, 1935 After the Vatican and the US Congress, among others, repeatedly fail to keep their promises, McDonald resigns due to a lack of sympathy with refugees. In his stunning announcement of resignation, he sharply criticizes the Nazi regime. Schweizerisches Bundesarchiv, Bern, E4800.1#1000867#72
Nazi commentary on McDonald’s resignation as High Commissioner for Refugees, Völkischer Beobachter, January 3, 1936 Bundesarchiv, Berlin, R 58-3426a, Bl. 25

Robert Thompson Pell

* 9 March 1902 New York, NY   † 2 August 1969 Bennington, VT

After studying at Harvard and in Paris, and working as a journalist, Robert Pell becomes the private secretary to the US ambassador to France in 1929. In 1930 he joins the diplomatic corps. In 1935 he leaves the US Embassy in Paris for Washington DC, where he serves as deputy head of the European section in the State Department.

After the Évian Conference, he becomes managing director and then deputy director of the Intergovernmental Committee for Refugees in London, before returning to the European section in 1939. During this period he plays a major role in convincing Great Britain, France, Belgium and the Netherlands to take in refuges aboard the St. Louis, in the rescue of Rabbi Joseph Isaac Schneersohn from occupied Warsaw, and the negotiations on the settlement of Jewish refugees in the Dominican Republic.

During World War II, Pell serves in positions including liaison officer to the US Secret Service department for psychological warfare. In 1950 he retires from the US diplomatic corps and becomes a lecturer in diplomacy at Fordham University and the City University of New York.

Robert Thompson Pell, 1948 National Archives Personnel Records Center, St. Louis, MO

Robert Thompson Pell, 1948

National Archives Personnel Records Center, St. Louis, MO

Pell (5th from left) with French Budget Minister François Pietri, French Prime Minister Pierre Laval, US Treasury Secretary Andrew W. Mellon, US Ambassador to France Walter E. Edge, French Foreign Minister Aristide Briand and French Finance Minister Étienne Flandin, July 1931 Robert T. Pell participates in the 1931 Paris Conference on the solution of the German financial crisis, as press liaison officer from the US Embassy in France. SZ Photo, München

Pell (5th from left) with French Budget Minister François Pietri, French Prime Minister Pierre Laval, US Treasury Secretary Andrew W. Mellon, US Ambassador to France Walter E. Edge, French Foreign Minister Aristide Briand and French Finance Minister Étienne Flandin, July 1931

Robert T. Pell participates in the 1931 Paris Conference on the solution of the German financial crisis, as press liaison officer from the US Embassy in France.

SZ Photo, München

Robert Thompson Pell, 1948 National Archives Personnel Records Center, St. Louis, MO

Robert Thompson Pell, 1948

National Archives Personnel Records Center, St. Louis, MO

Robert Thompson Pell, 1948

National Archives Personnel Records Center, St. Louis, MO

Pell (5th from left) with French Budget Minister François Pietri, French Prime Minister Pierre Laval, US Treasury Secretary Andrew W. Mellon, US Ambassador to France Walter E. Edge, French Foreign Minister Aristide Briand and French Finance Minister Étienne Flandin, July 1931 Robert T. Pell participates in the 1931 Paris Conference on the solution of the German financial crisis, as press liaison officer from the US Embassy in France. SZ Photo, München

Pell (5th from left) with French Budget Minister François Pietri, French Prime Minister Pierre Laval, US Treasury Secretary Andrew W. Mellon, US Ambassador to France Walter E. Edge, French Foreign Minister Aristide Briand and French Finance Minister Étienne Flandin, July 1931

Robert T. Pell participates in the 1931 Paris Conference on the solution of the German financial crisis, as press liaison officer from the US Embassy in France.

SZ Photo, München

Pell (5th from left) with French Budget Minister François Pietri, French Prime Minister Pierre Laval, US Treasury Secretary Andrew W. Mellon, US Ambassador to France Walter E. Edge, French Foreign Minister Aristide Briand and French Finance Minister Étienne Flandin, July 1931

Robert T. Pell participates in the 1931 Paris Conference on the solution of the German financial crisis, as press liaison officer from the US Embassy in France.

SZ Photo, München

Robert Thompson Pell, 1948 National Archives Personnel Records Center, St. Louis, MO
Pell (5th from left) with French Budget Minister François Pietri, French Prime Minister Pierre Laval, US Treasury Secretary Andrew W. Mellon, US Ambassador to France Walter E. Edge, French Foreign Minister Aristide Briand and French Finance Minister Étienne Flandin, July 1931 Robert T. Pell participates in the 1931 Paris Conference on the solution of the German financial crisis, as press liaison officer from the US Embassy in France. SZ Photo, München

George Louis Brandt

* 23 September 1892 Washington, DC   † 15 June 1971 Annapolis, MD

George Brandt joins the US diplomatic corps in 1915 and is deployed in various embassies and consulates, including Constantinople, Cologne and Mexico City. In 1924 Brandt is transferred to the State Department’s visa section and advises Congress in drafting additions to the 1924 Immigration Act. This leads him to join the US delegation to Évian as a consultant in 1938.

In the fall of 1938, he advises the government of the Philippines in designing their own immigration law. During World War II he heads a special section of the State Department whose task it is to protect American interest in the countries at war. For this he earns a Medal of Freedom at the end of the war – the highest US wartime honor for civilians. After serving four years as US Consul General in Naples, Brandt retires in 1949.

George Louis Brandt, ca. 1935 National Archives Personnel Records Center, St. Louis, MO

George Louis Brandt, ca. 1935

National Archives Personnel Records Center, St. Louis, MO

Brandt’s request for admission of the representative of the Hebrew Sheltering and Immigrant Aid Society (HIAS) to the conference, July 6, 1938 United Nations Archives, Genf

Brandt’s request for admission of the representative of the Hebrew Sheltering and Immigrant Aid Society (HIAS) to the conference, July 6, 1938

United Nations Archives, Genf

Telegram from US Secretary of State Cordell Hull to the US delegation in Évian, July 13, 1938 Hull approves Brandt’s trip to Germany, which he undertakes at the end of July 1938. Its official purpose is to inspect the US consulates in Stuttgart, Vienna and Berlin. But in fact, he is investigating the situation of Jews in the Reich on behalf of the Intergovernmental Committee for Refugees. National Archives, College Park, MD

Telegram from US Secretary of State Cordell Hull to the US delegation in Évian, July 13, 1938

Hull approves Brandt’s trip to Germany, which he undertakes at the end of July 1938. Its official purpose is to inspect the US consulates in Stuttgart, Vienna and Berlin. But in fact, he is investigating the situation of Jews in the Reich on behalf of the Intergovernmental Committee for Refugees.

National Archives, College Park, MD

George L. Brandt, Memorandum on the situation of Jews in Vienna, July 23, 1938, p. 1/3 Franklin D. Roosevelt Library, Hyde Park, NY

George L. Brandt, Memorandum on the situation of Jews in Vienna, July 23, 1938, p. 1/3

Franklin D. Roosevelt Library, Hyde Park, NY

George L. Brandt, Memorandum on the situation of Jews in Vienna, July 23, 1938, p. 2/3 Franklin D. Roosevelt Library, Hyde Park, NY

George L. Brandt, Memorandum on the situation of Jews in Vienna, July 23, 1938, p. 2/3

Franklin D. Roosevelt Library, Hyde Park, NY

George L. Brandt, Memorandum on the situation of Jews in Vienna, July 23, 1938, p. 3/3 Franklin D. Roosevelt Library, Hyde Park, NY

George L. Brandt, Memorandum on the situation of Jews in Vienna, July 23, 1938, p. 3/3

Franklin D. Roosevelt Library, Hyde Park, NY

George Louis Brandt, ca. 1935 National Archives Personnel Records Center, St. Louis, MO

George Louis Brandt, ca. 1935

National Archives Personnel Records Center, St. Louis, MO

George Louis Brandt, ca. 1935

National Archives Personnel Records Center, St. Louis, MO

Brandt’s request for admission of the representative of the Hebrew Sheltering and Immigrant Aid Society (HIAS) to the conference, July 6, 1938 United Nations Archives, Genf

Brandt’s request for admission of the representative of the Hebrew Sheltering and Immigrant Aid Society (HIAS) to the conference, July 6, 1938

United Nations Archives, Genf

Brandt’s request for admission of the representative of the Hebrew Sheltering and Immigrant Aid Society (HIAS) to the conference, July 6, 1938

United Nations Archives, Genf

Telegram from US Secretary of State Cordell Hull to the US delegation in Évian, July 13, 1938 Hull approves Brandt’s trip to Germany, which he undertakes at the end of July 1938. Its official purpose is to inspect the US consulates in Stuttgart, Vienna and Berlin. But in fact, he is investigating the situation of Jews in the Reich on behalf of the Intergovernmental Committee for Refugees. National Archives, College Park, MD

Telegram from US Secretary of State Cordell Hull to the US delegation in Évian, July 13, 1938

Hull approves Brandt’s trip to Germany, which he undertakes at the end of July 1938. Its official purpose is to inspect the US consulates in Stuttgart, Vienna and Berlin. But in fact, he is investigating the situation of Jews in the Reich on behalf of the Intergovernmental Committee for Refugees.

National Archives, College Park, MD

Telegram from US Secretary of State Cordell Hull to the US delegation in Évian, July 13, 1938

Hull approves Brandt’s trip to Germany, which he undertakes at the end of July 1938. Its official purpose is to inspect the US consulates in Stuttgart, Vienna and Berlin. But in fact, he is investigating the situation of Jews in the Reich on behalf of the Intergovernmental Committee for Refugees.

National Archives, College Park, MD

George L. Brandt, Memorandum on the situation of Jews in Vienna, July 23, 1938, p. 1/3 Franklin D. Roosevelt Library, Hyde Park, NY

George L. Brandt, Memorandum on the situation of Jews in Vienna, July 23, 1938, p. 1/3

Franklin D. Roosevelt Library, Hyde Park, NY

George L. Brandt, Memorandum on the situation of Jews in Vienna, July 23, 1938, p. 1/3

Franklin D. Roosevelt Library, Hyde Park, NY

George L. Brandt, Memorandum on the situation of Jews in Vienna, July 23, 1938, p. 2/3 Franklin D. Roosevelt Library, Hyde Park, NY

George L. Brandt, Memorandum on the situation of Jews in Vienna, July 23, 1938, p. 2/3

Franklin D. Roosevelt Library, Hyde Park, NY

George L. Brandt, Memorandum on the situation of Jews in Vienna, July 23, 1938, p. 2/3

Franklin D. Roosevelt Library, Hyde Park, NY

George L. Brandt, Memorandum on the situation of Jews in Vienna, July 23, 1938, p. 3/3 Franklin D. Roosevelt Library, Hyde Park, NY

George L. Brandt, Memorandum on the situation of Jews in Vienna, July 23, 1938, p. 3/3

Franklin D. Roosevelt Library, Hyde Park, NY

George L. Brandt, Memorandum on the situation of Jews in Vienna, July 23, 1938, p. 3/3

Franklin D. Roosevelt Library, Hyde Park, NY

George Louis Brandt, ca. 1935 National Archives Personnel Records Center, St. Louis, MO
Brandt’s request for admission of the representative of the Hebrew Sheltering and Immigrant Aid Society (HIAS) to the conference, July 6, 1938 United Nations Archives, Genf
Telegram from US Secretary of State Cordell Hull to the US delegation in Évian, July 13, 1938 Hull approves Brandt’s trip to Germany, which he undertakes at the end of July 1938. Its official purpose is to inspect the US consulates in Stuttgart, Vienna and Berlin. But in fact, he is investigating the situation of Jews in the Reich on behalf of the Intergovernmental Committee for Refugees. National Archives, College Park, MD
George L. Brandt, Memorandum on the situation of Jews in Vienna, July 23, 1938, p. 1/3 Franklin D. Roosevelt Library, Hyde Park, NY
George L. Brandt, Memorandum on the situation of Jews in Vienna, July 23, 1938, p. 2/3 Franklin D. Roosevelt Library, Hyde Park, NY
George L. Brandt, Memorandum on the situation of Jews in Vienna, July 23, 1938, p. 3/3 Franklin D. Roosevelt Library, Hyde Park, NY

George Lewis Warren

* 13 March 1890 Wellesley, MA   † 25 March 1981 Washington, DC

As a student at Harvard University, George Warren is already involved in homeless relief work. He takes a job with the American Red Cross after completing his studies. From 1928 he heads the International Migration Service in Geneva and New York.

In 1938 Warren is hired as an advisor to the US delegation in Évian and is appointed by President Roosevelt to his Advisory Committee on Political Refugees, of which he remains a member until 1944. At that point he works as an advisor to the State Department for Refugees and Displaced Persons until 1968.

In this capacity, Warren represents the US at board meetings of the United Nations Relief and Rehabilitation Administration (UNRRA) from 1944 to 1946. He then takes part in preparations for the establishment of the United Nations refugee relief organization. Between 1953 and 1966 he is a State Department advisor to the Intergovernmental Committee for European Migration. He also publishes numerous articles on the refugee issue.

George Lewis Warren, as managing director of the President’s Advisory Committee on Refugees, November 16, 1938 (Detail) George H. Warren from: Refugee Advisory Committee reports to President Roosevelt. Washington, DC, Nov. 16; Harris & Ewing / Library of Congress, Prints & Photographs Division, LC-DIG-hec-25394

George Lewis Warren, as managing director of the President’s Advisory Committee on Refugees, November 16, 1938 (Detail)

George H. Warren from: Refugee Advisory Committee reports to President Roosevelt. Washington, DC, Nov. 16; Harris & Ewing / Library of Congress, Prints & Photographs Division, LC-DIG-hec-25394

George Lewis Warren, as managing director of the President’s Advisory Committee on Refugees, November 16, 1938 (Detail) George H. Warren from: Refugee Advisory Committee reports to President Roosevelt. Washington, DC, Nov. 16; Harris & Ewing / Library of Congress, Prints & Photographs Division, LC-DIG-hec-25394

George Lewis Warren, as managing director of the President’s Advisory Committee on Refugees, November 16, 1938 (Detail)

George H. Warren from: Refugee Advisory Committee reports to President Roosevelt. Washington, DC, Nov. 16; Harris & Ewing / Library of Congress, Prints & Photographs Division, LC-DIG-hec-25394

George Lewis Warren, as managing director of the President’s Advisory Committee on Refugees, November 16, 1938 (Detail)

George H. Warren from: Refugee Advisory Committee reports to President Roosevelt. Washington, DC, Nov. 16; Harris & Ewing / Library of Congress, Prints & Photographs Division, LC-DIG-hec-25394

George Lewis Warren, as managing director of the President’s Advisory Committee on Refugees, November 16, 1938 (Detail) George H. Warren from: Refugee Advisory Committee reports to President Roosevelt. Washington, DC, Nov. 16; Harris & Ewing / Library of Congress, Prints & Photographs Division, LC-DIG-hec-25394

Heyward Gibbes Hill

* 16 January 1900 Hammond, LA   † 4 October 1989 Washington, DC

Heyward Hill attends Louisiana State University and private institutions in France and Switzerland before joining the diplomatic corps in 1930. He serves as vice consul in Kobe, Yokohama, Buenos Aires and Geneva, and as consul in Geneva and Basel. In 1938 he is appointed secretary to the US delegation in Évian and to the Intergovernmental Committee for Refugees. In 1939 he is appointed secretary to the US embassy in Panama.

During World War II Hill works at the US representation in liberated Algiers and in the State Department’s European section. After holding leading positions at the embassies in Ankara, Turkey and in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia, and serving as consul general in Marseille, Manila and Alexandria, Hill retires in 1960. He chooses his own epitaph, which is engraved on his tombstone: “Be kind and helpful to others. It will always pay off in the end.”

Heyward Gibbes Hill, 1930 Photo: Harris & Ewing / National Archives Personnel Records Center, St. Louis, M0

Heyward Gibbes Hill, 1930

Photo: Harris & Ewing / National Archives Personnel Records Center, St. Louis, M0

Business card for Hayward (sic) G. Hill as secretary of the US delegation in Évian, with the request for Ira Hirschmann’s admission to the conference United Nations Archives, Genf

Business card for Hayward (sic) G. Hill as secretary of the US delegation in Évian, with the request for Ira Hirschmann’s admission to the conference

United Nations Archives, Genf

Heyward Gibbes Hill, 1930 Photo: Harris & Ewing / National Archives Personnel Records Center, St. Louis, M0

Heyward Gibbes Hill, 1930

Photo: Harris & Ewing / National Archives Personnel Records Center, St. Louis, M0

Heyward Gibbes Hill, 1930

Photo: Harris & Ewing / National Archives Personnel Records Center, St. Louis, M0

Business card for Hayward (sic) G. Hill as secretary of the US delegation in Évian, with the request for Ira Hirschmann’s admission to the conference United Nations Archives, Genf

Business card for Hayward (sic) G. Hill as secretary of the US delegation in Évian, with the request for Ira Hirschmann’s admission to the conference

United Nations Archives, Genf

Business card for Hayward (sic) G. Hill as secretary of the US delegation in Évian, with the request for Ira Hirschmann’s admission to the conference

United Nations Archives, Genf

Heyward Gibbes Hill, 1930 Photo: Harris & Ewing / National Archives Personnel Records Center, St. Louis, M0
Business card for Hayward (sic) G. Hill as secretary of the US delegation in Évian, with the request for Ira Hirschmann’s admission to the conference United Nations Archives, Genf

Conference Contributions

Opening address by Myron C. Taylor in the public session on July 6, 1938, 4pm, p. 1/6 Franklin D. Roosevelt Library, Hyde Park, NY

Opening address by Myron C. Taylor in the public session on July 6, 1938, 4pm, p. 1/6

Franklin D. Roosevelt Library, Hyde Park, NY

Opening address by Myron C. Taylor in the public session on July 6, 1938, 4pm, p. 2/6 Franklin D. Roosevelt Library, Hyde Park, NY

Opening address by Myron C. Taylor in the public session on July 6, 1938, 4pm, p. 2/6

Franklin D. Roosevelt Library, Hyde Park, NY

Opening address by Myron C. Taylor in the public session on July 6, 1938, 4pm, p. 3/6 Franklin D. Roosevelt Library, Hyde Park, NY

Opening address by Myron C. Taylor in the public session on July 6, 1938, 4pm, p. 3/6

Franklin D. Roosevelt Library, Hyde Park, NY

Opening address by Myron C. Taylor in the public session on July 6, 1938, 4pm, p. 4/6 Franklin D. Roosevelt Library, Hyde Park, NY

Opening address by Myron C. Taylor in the public session on July 6, 1938, 4pm, p. 4/6

Franklin D. Roosevelt Library, Hyde Park, NY

Opening address by Myron C. Taylor in the public session on July 6, 1938, 4pm, p. 5/6 Franklin D. Roosevelt Library, Hyde Park, NY

Opening address by Myron C. Taylor in the public session on July 6, 1938, 4pm, p. 5/6

Franklin D. Roosevelt Library, Hyde Park, NY

Opening address by Myron C. Taylor in the public session on July 6, 1938, 4pm, p. 6/6 Franklin D. Roosevelt Library, Hyde Park, NY

Opening address by Myron C. Taylor in the public session on July 6, 1938, 4pm, p. 6/6

Franklin D. Roosevelt Library, Hyde Park, NY

Statement for the Technical Sub-Committee on the immgration laws and practices of the United States of America governing the reception of immigrants, July 8, 1938, p. 1/9 Franklin D. Roosevelt Library, Hyde Park, NY

Statement for the Technical Sub-Committee on the immgration laws and practices of the United States of America governing the reception of immigrants, July 8, 1938, p. 1/9

Franklin D. Roosevelt Library, Hyde Park, NY

Statement for the Technical Sub-Committee on the immgration laws and practices of the United States of America governing the reception of immigrants, July 8, 1938, p. 2/9 Franklin D. Roosevelt Library, Hyde Park, NY

Statement for the Technical Sub-Committee on the immgration laws and practices of the United States of America governing the reception of immigrants, July 8, 1938, p. 2/9

Franklin D. Roosevelt Library, Hyde Park, NY

Statement for the Technical Sub-Committee on the immgration laws and practices of the United States of America governing the reception of immigrants, July 8, 1938, p. 3/9 Franklin D. Roosevelt Library, Hyde Park, NY

Statement for the Technical Sub-Committee on the immgration laws and practices of the United States of America governing the reception of immigrants, July 8, 1938, p. 3/9

Franklin D. Roosevelt Library, Hyde Park, NY

Statement for the Technical Sub-Committee on the immgration laws and practices of the United States of America governing the reception of immigrants, July 8, 1938, p. 4/9 Franklin D. Roosevelt Library, Hyde Park, NY

Statement for the Technical Sub-Committee on the immgration laws and practices of the United States of America governing the reception of immigrants, July 8, 1938, p. 4/9

Franklin D. Roosevelt Library, Hyde Park, NY

Statement for the Technical Sub-Committee on the immgration laws and practices of the United States of America governing the reception of immigrants, July 8, 1938, p. 5/9 Franklin D. Roosevelt Library, Hyde Park, NY

Statement for the Technical Sub-Committee on the immgration laws and practices of the United States of America governing the reception of immigrants, July 8, 1938, p. 5/9

Franklin D. Roosevelt Library, Hyde Park, NY

Statement for the Technical Sub-Committee on the immgration laws and practices of the United States of America governing the reception of immigrants, July 8, 1938, p. 6/9 Franklin D. Roosevelt Library, Hyde Park, NY

Statement for the Technical Sub-Committee on the immgration laws and practices of the United States of America governing the reception of immigrants, July 8, 1938, p. 6/9

Franklin D. Roosevelt Library, Hyde Park, NY

Statement for the Technical Sub-Committee on the immgration laws and practices of the United States of America governing the reception of immigrants, July 8, 1938, p. 7/9 Franklin D. Roosevelt Library, Hyde Park, NY

Statement for the Technical Sub-Committee on the immgration laws and practices of the United States of America governing the reception of immigrants, July 8, 1938, p. 7/9

Franklin D. Roosevelt Library, Hyde Park, NY

Statement for the Technical Sub-Committee on the immgration laws and practices of the United States of America governing the reception of immigrants, July 8, 1938, p. 8/9 Franklin D. Roosevelt Library, Hyde Park, NY

Statement for the Technical Sub-Committee on the immgration laws and practices of the United States of America governing the reception of immigrants, July 8, 1938, p. 8/9

Franklin D. Roosevelt Library, Hyde Park, NY

Statement for the Technical Sub-Committee on the immgration laws and practices of the United States of America governing the reception of immigrants, July 8, 1938, p. 9/9 Franklin D. Roosevelt Library, Hyde Park, NY

Statement for the Technical Sub-Committee on the immgration laws and practices of the United States of America governing the reception of immigrants, July 8, 1938, p. 9/9

Franklin D. Roosevelt Library, Hyde Park, NY

Statement for the Technical Sub-Committee of details regarding the number and the type of immigrants which the Government of the United States is prepared to receive under its existing laws and practices, July 8, 1938, p. 1/4 Franklin D. Roosevelt Library, Hyde Park, NY

Statement for the Technical Sub-Committee of details regarding the number and the type of immigrants which the Government of the United States is prepared to receive under its existing laws and practices, July 8, 1938, p. 1/4

Franklin D. Roosevelt Library, Hyde Park, NY

Statement for the Technical Sub-Committee of details regarding the number and the type of immigrants which the Government of the United States is prepared to receive under its existing laws and practices, July 8, 1938, p. 2/4 Franklin D. Roosevelt Library, Hyde Park, NY

Statement for the Technical Sub-Committee of details regarding the number and the type of immigrants which the Government of the United States is prepared to receive under its existing laws and practices, July 8, 1938, p. 2/4

Franklin D. Roosevelt Library, Hyde Park, NY

Statement for the Technical Sub-Committee of details regarding the number and the type of immigrants which the Government of the United States is prepared to receive under its existing laws and practices, July 8, 1938, p. 3/4 Franklin D. Roosevelt Library, Hyde Park, NY

Statement for the Technical Sub-Committee of details regarding the number and the type of immigrants which the Government of the United States is prepared to receive under its existing laws and practices, July 8, 1938, p. 3/4

Franklin D. Roosevelt Library, Hyde Park, NY

Statement for the Technical Sub-Committee of details regarding the number and the type of immigrants which the Government of the United States is prepared to receive under its existing laws and practices, July 8, 1938, p. 4/4 Franklin D. Roosevelt Library, Hyde Park, NY

Statement for the Technical Sub-Committee of details regarding the number and the type of immigrants which the Government of the United States is prepared to receive under its existing laws and practices, July 8, 1938, p. 4/4

Franklin D. Roosevelt Library, Hyde Park, NY

Statement for the Technical Sub-Committee by George L. Brandt, Delegation of the United States of America, July 11, 1938, p. 1/2 Franklin D. Roosevelt Library, Hyde Park, NY

Statement for the Technical Sub-Committee by George L. Brandt, Delegation of the United States of America, July 11, 1938, p. 1/2

Franklin D. Roosevelt Library, Hyde Park, NY

Statement for the Technical Sub-Committee by George L. Brandt, Delegation of the United States of America, July 11, 1938, p. 2/2 Franklin D. Roosevelt Library, Hyde Park, NY

Statement for the Technical Sub-Committee by George L. Brandt, Delegation of the United States of America, July 11, 1938, p. 2/2

Franklin D. Roosevelt Library, Hyde Park, NY

Closing address by Myron C. Taylor in the public session on July 15, 11am, p. 1/4 Franklin D. Roosevelt Library, Hyde Park, NY

Closing address by Myron C. Taylor in the public session on July 15, 11am, p. 1/4

Franklin D. Roosevelt Library, Hyde Park, NY

Closing address by Myron C. Taylor in the public session on July 15, 11am, p. 2/4 Franklin D. Roosevelt Library, Hyde Park, NY

Closing address by Myron C. Taylor in the public session on July 15, 11am, p. 2/4

Franklin D. Roosevelt Library, Hyde Park, NY

Closing address by Myron C. Taylor in the public session on July 15, 11am, p. 3/4 Franklin D. Roosevelt Library, Hyde Park, NY

Closing address by Myron C. Taylor in the public session on July 15, 11am, p. 3/4

Franklin D. Roosevelt Library, Hyde Park, NY

Closing address by Myron C. Taylor in the public session on July 15, 11am, p. 4/4 Franklin D. Roosevelt Library, Hyde Park, NY

Closing address by Myron C. Taylor in the public session on July 15, 11am, p. 4/4

Franklin D. Roosevelt Library, Hyde Park, NY

Z
X
Opening address by Myron C. Taylor in the public session on July 6, 1938, 4pm, p. 1/6 Franklin D. Roosevelt Library, Hyde Park, NY

Opening address by Myron C. Taylor in the public session on July 6, 1938, 4pm, p. 1/6

Franklin D. Roosevelt Library, Hyde Park, NY

Opening address by Myron C. Taylor in the public session on July 6, 1938, 4pm, p. 1/6

Franklin D. Roosevelt Library, Hyde Park, NY

Opening address by Myron C. Taylor in the public session on July 6, 1938, 4pm, p. 2/6 Franklin D. Roosevelt Library, Hyde Park, NY

Opening address by Myron C. Taylor in the public session on July 6, 1938, 4pm, p. 2/6

Franklin D. Roosevelt Library, Hyde Park, NY

Opening address by Myron C. Taylor in the public session on July 6, 1938, 4pm, p. 2/6

Franklin D. Roosevelt Library, Hyde Park, NY

Opening address by Myron C. Taylor in the public session on July 6, 1938, 4pm, p. 3/6 Franklin D. Roosevelt Library, Hyde Park, NY

Opening address by Myron C. Taylor in the public session on July 6, 1938, 4pm, p. 3/6

Franklin D. Roosevelt Library, Hyde Park, NY

Opening address by Myron C. Taylor in the public session on July 6, 1938, 4pm, p. 3/6

Franklin D. Roosevelt Library, Hyde Park, NY

Opening address by Myron C. Taylor in the public session on July 6, 1938, 4pm, p. 4/6 Franklin D. Roosevelt Library, Hyde Park, NY

Opening address by Myron C. Taylor in the public session on July 6, 1938, 4pm, p. 4/6

Franklin D. Roosevelt Library, Hyde Park, NY

Opening address by Myron C. Taylor in the public session on July 6, 1938, 4pm, p. 4/6

Franklin D. Roosevelt Library, Hyde Park, NY

Opening address by Myron C. Taylor in the public session on July 6, 1938, 4pm, p. 5/6 Franklin D. Roosevelt Library, Hyde Park, NY

Opening address by Myron C. Taylor in the public session on July 6, 1938, 4pm, p. 5/6

Franklin D. Roosevelt Library, Hyde Park, NY

Opening address by Myron C. Taylor in the public session on July 6, 1938, 4pm, p. 5/6

Franklin D. Roosevelt Library, Hyde Park, NY

Opening address by Myron C. Taylor in the public session on July 6, 1938, 4pm, p. 6/6 Franklin D. Roosevelt Library, Hyde Park, NY

Opening address by Myron C. Taylor in the public session on July 6, 1938, 4pm, p. 6/6

Franklin D. Roosevelt Library, Hyde Park, NY

Opening address by Myron C. Taylor in the public session on July 6, 1938, 4pm, p. 6/6

Franklin D. Roosevelt Library, Hyde Park, NY

Statement for the Technical Sub-Committee on the immgration laws and practices of the United States of America governing the reception of immigrants, July 8, 1938, p. 1/9 Franklin D. Roosevelt Library, Hyde Park, NY

Statement for the Technical Sub-Committee on the immgration laws and practices of the United States of America governing the reception of immigrants, July 8, 1938, p. 1/9

Franklin D. Roosevelt Library, Hyde Park, NY

Statement for the Technical Sub-Committee on the immgration laws and practices of the United States of America governing the reception of immigrants, July 8, 1938, p. 1/9

Franklin D. Roosevelt Library, Hyde Park, NY

Statement for the Technical Sub-Committee on the immgration laws and practices of the United States of America governing the reception of immigrants, July 8, 1938, p. 2/9 Franklin D. Roosevelt Library, Hyde Park, NY

Statement for the Technical Sub-Committee on the immgration laws and practices of the United States of America governing the reception of immigrants, July 8, 1938, p. 2/9

Franklin D. Roosevelt Library, Hyde Park, NY

Statement for the Technical Sub-Committee on the immgration laws and practices of the United States of America governing the reception of immigrants, July 8, 1938, p. 2/9

Franklin D. Roosevelt Library, Hyde Park, NY

Statement for the Technical Sub-Committee on the immgration laws and practices of the United States of America governing the reception of immigrants, July 8, 1938, p. 3/9 Franklin D. Roosevelt Library, Hyde Park, NY

Statement for the Technical Sub-Committee on the immgration laws and practices of the United States of America governing the reception of immigrants, July 8, 1938, p. 3/9

Franklin D. Roosevelt Library, Hyde Park, NY

Statement for the Technical Sub-Committee on the immgration laws and practices of the United States of America governing the reception of immigrants, July 8, 1938, p. 3/9

Franklin D. Roosevelt Library, Hyde Park, NY

Statement for the Technical Sub-Committee on the immgration laws and practices of the United States of America governing the reception of immigrants, July 8, 1938, p. 4/9 Franklin D. Roosevelt Library, Hyde Park, NY

Statement for the Technical Sub-Committee on the immgration laws and practices of the United States of America governing the reception of immigrants, July 8, 1938, p. 4/9

Franklin D. Roosevelt Library, Hyde Park, NY

Statement for the Technical Sub-Committee on the immgration laws and practices of the United States of America governing the reception of immigrants, July 8, 1938, p. 4/9

Franklin D. Roosevelt Library, Hyde Park, NY

Statement for the Technical Sub-Committee on the immgration laws and practices of the United States of America governing the reception of immigrants, July 8, 1938, p. 5/9 Franklin D. Roosevelt Library, Hyde Park, NY

Statement for the Technical Sub-Committee on the immgration laws and practices of the United States of America governing the reception of immigrants, July 8, 1938, p. 5/9

Franklin D. Roosevelt Library, Hyde Park, NY

Statement for the Technical Sub-Committee on the immgration laws and practices of the United States of America governing the reception of immigrants, July 8, 1938, p. 5/9

Franklin D. Roosevelt Library, Hyde Park, NY

Statement for the Technical Sub-Committee on the immgration laws and practices of the United States of America governing the reception of immigrants, July 8, 1938, p. 6/9 Franklin D. Roosevelt Library, Hyde Park, NY

Statement for the Technical Sub-Committee on the immgration laws and practices of the United States of America governing the reception of immigrants, July 8, 1938, p. 6/9

Franklin D. Roosevelt Library, Hyde Park, NY

Statement for the Technical Sub-Committee on the immgration laws and practices of the United States of America governing the reception of immigrants, July 8, 1938, p. 6/9

Franklin D. Roosevelt Library, Hyde Park, NY

Statement for the Technical Sub-Committee on the immgration laws and practices of the United States of America governing the reception of immigrants, July 8, 1938, p. 7/9 Franklin D. Roosevelt Library, Hyde Park, NY

Statement for the Technical Sub-Committee on the immgration laws and practices of the United States of America governing the reception of immigrants, July 8, 1938, p. 7/9

Franklin D. Roosevelt Library, Hyde Park, NY

Statement for the Technical Sub-Committee on the immgration laws and practices of the United States of America governing the reception of immigrants, July 8, 1938, p. 7/9

Franklin D. Roosevelt Library, Hyde Park, NY

Statement for the Technical Sub-Committee on the immgration laws and practices of the United States of America governing the reception of immigrants, July 8, 1938, p. 8/9 Franklin D. Roosevelt Library, Hyde Park, NY

Statement for the Technical Sub-Committee on the immgration laws and practices of the United States of America governing the reception of immigrants, July 8, 1938, p. 8/9

Franklin D. Roosevelt Library, Hyde Park, NY

Statement for the Technical Sub-Committee on the immgration laws and practices of the United States of America governing the reception of immigrants, July 8, 1938, p. 8/9

Franklin D. Roosevelt Library, Hyde Park, NY

Statement for the Technical Sub-Committee on the immgration laws and practices of the United States of America governing the reception of immigrants, July 8, 1938, p. 9/9 Franklin D. Roosevelt Library, Hyde Park, NY

Statement for the Technical Sub-Committee on the immgration laws and practices of the United States of America governing the reception of immigrants, July 8, 1938, p. 9/9

Franklin D. Roosevelt Library, Hyde Park, NY

Statement for the Technical Sub-Committee on the immgration laws and practices of the United States of America governing the reception of immigrants, July 8, 1938, p. 9/9

Franklin D. Roosevelt Library, Hyde Park, NY

Statement for the Technical Sub-Committee of details regarding the number and the type of immigrants which the Government of the United States is prepared to receive under its existing laws and practices, July 8, 1938, p. 1/4 Franklin D. Roosevelt Library, Hyde Park, NY

Statement for the Technical Sub-Committee of details regarding the number and the type of immigrants which the Government of the United States is prepared to receive under its existing laws and practices, July 8, 1938, p. 1/4

Franklin D. Roosevelt Library, Hyde Park, NY

Statement for the Technical Sub-Committee of details regarding the number and the type of immigrants which the Government of the United States is prepared to receive under its existing laws and practices, July 8, 1938, p. 1/4

Franklin D. Roosevelt Library, Hyde Park, NY

Statement for the Technical Sub-Committee of details regarding the number and the type of immigrants which the Government of the United States is prepared to receive under its existing laws and practices, July 8, 1938, p. 2/4 Franklin D. Roosevelt Library, Hyde Park, NY

Statement for the Technical Sub-Committee of details regarding the number and the type of immigrants which the Government of the United States is prepared to receive under its existing laws and practices, July 8, 1938, p. 2/4

Franklin D. Roosevelt Library, Hyde Park, NY

Statement for the Technical Sub-Committee of details regarding the number and the type of immigrants which the Government of the United States is prepared to receive under its existing laws and practices, July 8, 1938, p. 2/4

Franklin D. Roosevelt Library, Hyde Park, NY

Statement for the Technical Sub-Committee of details regarding the number and the type of immigrants which the Government of the United States is prepared to receive under its existing laws and practices, July 8, 1938, p. 3/4 Franklin D. Roosevelt Library, Hyde Park, NY

Statement for the Technical Sub-Committee of details regarding the number and the type of immigrants which the Government of the United States is prepared to receive under its existing laws and practices, July 8, 1938, p. 3/4

Franklin D. Roosevelt Library, Hyde Park, NY

Statement for the Technical Sub-Committee of details regarding the number and the type of immigrants which the Government of the United States is prepared to receive under its existing laws and practices, July 8, 1938, p. 3/4

Franklin D. Roosevelt Library, Hyde Park, NY

Statement for the Technical Sub-Committee of details regarding the number and the type of immigrants which the Government of the United States is prepared to receive under its existing laws and practices, July 8, 1938, p. 4/4 Franklin D. Roosevelt Library, Hyde Park, NY

Statement for the Technical Sub-Committee of details regarding the number and the type of immigrants which the Government of the United States is prepared to receive under its existing laws and practices, July 8, 1938, p. 4/4

Franklin D. Roosevelt Library, Hyde Park, NY

Statement for the Technical Sub-Committee of details regarding the number and the type of immigrants which the Government of the United States is prepared to receive under its existing laws and practices, July 8, 1938, p. 4/4

Franklin D. Roosevelt Library, Hyde Park, NY

Statement for the Technical Sub-Committee by George L. Brandt, Delegation of the United States of America, July 11, 1938, p. 1/2 Franklin D. Roosevelt Library, Hyde Park, NY

Statement for the Technical Sub-Committee by George L. Brandt, Delegation of the United States of America, July 11, 1938, p. 1/2

Franklin D. Roosevelt Library, Hyde Park, NY

Statement for the Technical Sub-Committee by George L. Brandt, Delegation of the United States of America, July 11, 1938, p. 1/2

Franklin D. Roosevelt Library, Hyde Park, NY

Statement for the Technical Sub-Committee by George L. Brandt, Delegation of the United States of America, July 11, 1938, p. 2/2 Franklin D. Roosevelt Library, Hyde Park, NY

Statement for the Technical Sub-Committee by George L. Brandt, Delegation of the United States of America, July 11, 1938, p. 2/2

Franklin D. Roosevelt Library, Hyde Park, NY

Statement for the Technical Sub-Committee by George L. Brandt, Delegation of the United States of America, July 11, 1938, p. 2/2

Franklin D. Roosevelt Library, Hyde Park, NY

Closing address by Myron C. Taylor in the public session on July 15, 11am, p. 1/4 Franklin D. Roosevelt Library, Hyde Park, NY

Closing address by Myron C. Taylor in the public session on July 15, 11am, p. 1/4

Franklin D. Roosevelt Library, Hyde Park, NY

Closing address by Myron C. Taylor in the public session on July 15, 11am, p. 1/4

Franklin D. Roosevelt Library, Hyde Park, NY

Closing address by Myron C. Taylor in the public session on July 15, 11am, p. 2/4 Franklin D. Roosevelt Library, Hyde Park, NY

Closing address by Myron C. Taylor in the public session on July 15, 11am, p. 2/4

Franklin D. Roosevelt Library, Hyde Park, NY

Closing address by Myron C. Taylor in the public session on July 15, 11am, p. 2/4

Franklin D. Roosevelt Library, Hyde Park, NY

Closing address by Myron C. Taylor in the public session on July 15, 11am, p. 3/4 Franklin D. Roosevelt Library, Hyde Park, NY

Closing address by Myron C. Taylor in the public session on July 15, 11am, p. 3/4

Franklin D. Roosevelt Library, Hyde Park, NY

Closing address by Myron C. Taylor in the public session on July 15, 11am, p. 3/4

Franklin D. Roosevelt Library, Hyde Park, NY

Closing address by Myron C. Taylor in the public session on July 15, 11am, p. 4/4 Franklin D. Roosevelt Library, Hyde Park, NY

Closing address by Myron C. Taylor in the public session on July 15, 11am, p. 4/4

Franklin D. Roosevelt Library, Hyde Park, NY

Closing address by Myron C. Taylor in the public session on July 15, 11am, p. 4/4

Franklin D. Roosevelt Library, Hyde Park, NY

Opening address by Myron C. Taylor in the public session on July 6, 1938, 4pm, p. 1/6 Franklin D. Roosevelt Library, Hyde Park, NY
Opening address by Myron C. Taylor in the public session on July 6, 1938, 4pm, p. 2/6 Franklin D. Roosevelt Library, Hyde Park, NY
Opening address by Myron C. Taylor in the public session on July 6, 1938, 4pm, p. 3/6 Franklin D. Roosevelt Library, Hyde Park, NY
Opening address by Myron C. Taylor in the public session on July 6, 1938, 4pm, p. 4/6 Franklin D. Roosevelt Library, Hyde Park, NY
Opening address by Myron C. Taylor in the public session on July 6, 1938, 4pm, p. 5/6 Franklin D. Roosevelt Library, Hyde Park, NY
Opening address by Myron C. Taylor in the public session on July 6, 1938, 4pm, p. 6/6 Franklin D. Roosevelt Library, Hyde Park, NY
Statement for the Technical Sub-Committee on the immgration laws and practices of the United States of America governing the reception of immigrants, July 8, 1938, p. 1/9 Franklin D. Roosevelt Library, Hyde Park, NY
Statement for the Technical Sub-Committee on the immgration laws and practices of the United States of America governing the reception of immigrants, July 8, 1938, p. 2/9 Franklin D. Roosevelt Library, Hyde Park, NY
Statement for the Technical Sub-Committee on the immgration laws and practices of the United States of America governing the reception of immigrants, July 8, 1938, p. 3/9 Franklin D. Roosevelt Library, Hyde Park, NY
Statement for the Technical Sub-Committee on the immgration laws and practices of the United States of America governing the reception of immigrants, July 8, 1938, p. 4/9 Franklin D. Roosevelt Library, Hyde Park, NY
Statement for the Technical Sub-Committee on the immgration laws and practices of the United States of America governing the reception of immigrants, July 8, 1938, p. 5/9 Franklin D. Roosevelt Library, Hyde Park, NY
Statement for the Technical Sub-Committee on the immgration laws and practices of the United States of America governing the reception of immigrants, July 8, 1938, p. 6/9 Franklin D. Roosevelt Library, Hyde Park, NY
Statement for the Technical Sub-Committee on the immgration laws and practices of the United States of America governing the reception of immigrants, July 8, 1938, p. 7/9 Franklin D. Roosevelt Library, Hyde Park, NY
Statement for the Technical Sub-Committee on the immgration laws and practices of the United States of America governing the reception of immigrants, July 8, 1938, p. 8/9 Franklin D. Roosevelt Library, Hyde Park, NY
Statement for the Technical Sub-Committee on the immgration laws and practices of the United States of America governing the reception of immigrants, July 8, 1938, p. 9/9 Franklin D. Roosevelt Library, Hyde Park, NY
Statement for the Technical Sub-Committee of details regarding the number and the type of immigrants which the Government of the United States is prepared to receive under its existing laws and practices, July 8, 1938, p. 1/4 Franklin D. Roosevelt Library, Hyde Park, NY
Statement for the Technical Sub-Committee of details regarding the number and the type of immigrants which the Government of the United States is prepared to receive under its existing laws and practices, July 8, 1938, p. 2/4 Franklin D. Roosevelt Library, Hyde Park, NY
Statement for the Technical Sub-Committee of details regarding the number and the type of immigrants which the Government of the United States is prepared to receive under its existing laws and practices, July 8, 1938, p. 3/4 Franklin D. Roosevelt Library, Hyde Park, NY
Statement for the Technical Sub-Committee of details regarding the number and the type of immigrants which the Government of the United States is prepared to receive under its existing laws and practices, July 8, 1938, p. 4/4 Franklin D. Roosevelt Library, Hyde Park, NY
Statement for the Technical Sub-Committee by George L. Brandt, Delegation of the United States of America, July 11, 1938, p. 1/2 Franklin D. Roosevelt Library, Hyde Park, NY
Statement for the Technical Sub-Committee by George L. Brandt, Delegation of the United States of America, July 11, 1938, p. 2/2 Franklin D. Roosevelt Library, Hyde Park, NY
Closing address by Myron C. Taylor in the public session on July 15, 11am, p. 1/4 Franklin D. Roosevelt Library, Hyde Park, NY
Closing address by Myron C. Taylor in the public session on July 15, 11am, p. 2/4 Franklin D. Roosevelt Library, Hyde Park, NY
Closing address by Myron C. Taylor in the public session on July 15, 11am, p. 3/4 Franklin D. Roosevelt Library, Hyde Park, NY
Closing address by Myron C. Taylor in the public session on July 15, 11am, p. 4/4 Franklin D. Roosevelt Library, Hyde Park, NY