Nicaragua

Nicaragua

Der Brockhaus-Atlas. Die Welt in Bild und Karte, Leipzig: F. A. Brockhaus 1937

Der Brockhaus-Atlas. Die Welt in Bild und Karte, Leipzig: F. A. Brockhaus 1937

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Der Brockhaus-Atlas. Die Welt in Bild und Karte, Leipzig: F. A. Brockhaus 1937
Nicaragua 1938
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Population ca. 1,130,000
Area (km²) ca. 120,000
Inhabitants per km² 9
Jewish population before 1938 Jewish pop. before 1938 100 (0.01 %)

 

Policy on Immigration and Refugees

Compared to the three other dictators, Anastasio Somoza Garcia, founder of Central America’s longest lasting dictatorship, succeeds relatively late in prevailing over large parts of the country’s elite.

At first, Somoza portrays himself as the guardian of the interests of wage earners. Then his devaluation policy during the years of extreme inflation, from 1937 to 1939, gains increasing support from the oligarchy, while the middle and lower classes become impoverished.

The National Guard, modeled after the SA, takes on police functions and controls immigration and emigration, which represents a considerable source of income for the Somoza clan. But it is the support of the US (including an invitation to Washington) that enables Somoza – a former interpreter for US troops – to become the undisputed ruler in 1939. Only now does Nicaragua end its significant foreign trade with the German Reich.

Nicaragua plays no significant role as a refuge during these years: Only about 35 migrants reach this Central American country.

At the Évian conference, the Central-American states Costa Rica, Guatemala, Honduras, Nicaragua and Panama explain their position in common statements.

 

Delegation

Constantino Herdocia y Terán

* 18 January 1880 Ciudad de León, Nicaragua   † 21 May 1953 San José, Costa Rica

Born in Nicaragua, Constantino Herdocia y Terán studies medicine in Paris and Berlin. In 1913, after completing his studies, he opens a practice in Costa Rica, quickly earning a reputation as a fine ear, nose and throat doctor.

Later he teaches at the University of San José. In the 1930s, the successful doctor joins Nicaragua’s diplomatic corps and is sent to Europe. In 1934 he becomes Nicaragua’s envoy in France, and in 1937 is appointed envoy to Austria and the Vatican.

Delegates from Central America (2nd from left: Constantino Herdocia y Terán) Jüdische Presszentrale Zürich, July 15, 1938 / Archiv für Zeitgeschichte / ETH Zürich

Delegates from Central America (2nd from left: Constantino Herdocia y Terán)

Jüdische Presszentrale Zürich, July 15, 1938 / Archiv für Zeitgeschichte / ETH Zürich

Delegates from Central America (2nd from left: Constantino Herdocia y Terán) Jüdische Presszentrale Zürich, July 15, 1938 / Archiv für Zeitgeschichte / ETH Zürich

Delegates from Central America (2nd from left: Constantino Herdocia y Terán)

Jüdische Presszentrale Zürich, July 15, 1938 / Archiv für Zeitgeschichte / ETH Zürich

Delegates from Central America (2nd from left: Constantino Herdocia y Terán)

Jüdische Presszentrale Zürich, July 15, 1938 / Archiv für Zeitgeschichte / ETH Zürich

Delegates from Central America (2nd from left: Constantino Herdocia y Terán) Jüdische Presszentrale Zürich, July 15, 1938 / Archiv für Zeitgeschichte / ETH Zürich

Conference Contributions

Joint declaration made by Dr. Constantino Herdocia, delegate of the Republic of Nicaragua, Professor Luis Dobles Segreda, delegate of the Republic of Costa Rica, Dr. Mauricio Rosal, delegate of the Republic of Honduras, and Dr. Ernst Hoffmann, delegate of the Republic of Panama, on behalf of their Governments to the Intergovenmental Committee, Evian, July 11, 1938, 11am, p. 1/2 Franklin D. Roosevelt Library, Hyde Park, NY

Joint declaration made by Dr. Constantino Herdocia, delegate of the Republic of Nicaragua, Professor Luis Dobles Segreda, delegate of the Republic of Costa Rica, Dr. Mauricio Rosal, delegate of the Republic of Honduras, and Dr. Ernst Hoffmann, delegate of the Republic of Panama, on behalf of their Governments to the Intergovenmental Committee, Evian, July 11, 1938, 11am, p. 1/2

Franklin D. Roosevelt Library, Hyde Park, NY

Joint declaration made by Dr. Constantino Herdocia, delegate of the Republic of Nicaragua, Professor Luis Dobles Segreda, delegate of the Republic of Costa Rica, Dr. Mauricio Rosal, delegate of the Republic of Honduras, and Dr. Ernst Hoffmann, delegate of the Republic of Panama, on behalf of their Governments to the Intergovenmental Committee, Evian, July 11, 1938, 11am, p. 2/2 Franklin D. Roosevelt Library, Hyde Park, NY

Joint declaration made by Dr. Constantino Herdocia, delegate of the Republic of Nicaragua, Professor Luis Dobles Segreda, delegate of the Republic of Costa Rica, Dr. Mauricio Rosal, delegate of the Republic of Honduras, and Dr. Ernst Hoffmann, delegate of the Republic of Panama, on behalf of their Governments to the Intergovenmental Committee, Evian, July 11, 1938, 11am, p. 2/2

Franklin D. Roosevelt Library, Hyde Park, NY

Statement by the delegations of Nicaragua, Guatemala, Costa Rica and Honduras for the Technical Sub-Committee, July 11, 1938 Franklin D. Roosevelt Library, Hyde Park, NY

Statement by the delegations of Nicaragua, Guatemala, Costa Rica and Honduras for the Technical Sub-Committee, July 11, 1938

Franklin D. Roosevelt Library, Hyde Park, NY

Letters addressed to the Chairman of the Technical Sub-Committee by Dr. Constantino Herdocia, delegate of Nicaragua, and Dr. Mauricio Rosal, delegate of Honduras, on July 11, 1938 Franklin D. Roosevelt Library, Hyde Park, NY

Letters addressed to the Chairman of the Technical Sub-Committee by Dr. Constantino Herdocia, delegate of Nicaragua, and Dr. Mauricio Rosal, delegate of Honduras, on July 11, 1938

Franklin D. Roosevelt Library, Hyde Park, NY

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Joint declaration made by Dr. Constantino Herdocia, delegate of the Republic of Nicaragua, Professor Luis Dobles Segreda, delegate of the Republic of Costa Rica, Dr. Mauricio Rosal, delegate of the Republic of Honduras, and Dr. Ernst Hoffmann, delegate of the Republic of Panama, on behalf of their Governments to the Intergovenmental Committee, Evian, July 11, 1938, 11am, p. 1/2 Franklin D. Roosevelt Library, Hyde Park, NY

Joint declaration made by Dr. Constantino Herdocia, delegate of the Republic of Nicaragua, Professor Luis Dobles Segreda, delegate of the Republic of Costa Rica, Dr. Mauricio Rosal, delegate of the Republic of Honduras, and Dr. Ernst Hoffmann, delegate of the Republic of Panama, on behalf of their Governments to the Intergovenmental Committee, Evian, July 11, 1938, 11am, p. 1/2

Franklin D. Roosevelt Library, Hyde Park, NY

Joint declaration made by Dr. Constantino Herdocia, delegate of the Republic of Nicaragua, Professor Luis Dobles Segreda, delegate of the Republic of Costa Rica, Dr. Mauricio Rosal, delegate of the Republic of Honduras, and Dr. Ernst Hoffmann, delegate of the Republic of Panama, on behalf of their Governments to the Intergovenmental Committee, Evian, July 11, 1938, 11am, p. 1/2

Franklin D. Roosevelt Library, Hyde Park, NY

Joint declaration made by Dr. Constantino Herdocia, delegate of the Republic of Nicaragua, Professor Luis Dobles Segreda, delegate of the Republic of Costa Rica, Dr. Mauricio Rosal, delegate of the Republic of Honduras, and Dr. Ernst Hoffmann, delegate of the Republic of Panama, on behalf of their Governments to the Intergovenmental Committee, Evian, July 11, 1938, 11am, p. 2/2 Franklin D. Roosevelt Library, Hyde Park, NY

Joint declaration made by Dr. Constantino Herdocia, delegate of the Republic of Nicaragua, Professor Luis Dobles Segreda, delegate of the Republic of Costa Rica, Dr. Mauricio Rosal, delegate of the Republic of Honduras, and Dr. Ernst Hoffmann, delegate of the Republic of Panama, on behalf of their Governments to the Intergovenmental Committee, Evian, July 11, 1938, 11am, p. 2/2

Franklin D. Roosevelt Library, Hyde Park, NY

Joint declaration made by Dr. Constantino Herdocia, delegate of the Republic of Nicaragua, Professor Luis Dobles Segreda, delegate of the Republic of Costa Rica, Dr. Mauricio Rosal, delegate of the Republic of Honduras, and Dr. Ernst Hoffmann, delegate of the Republic of Panama, on behalf of their Governments to the Intergovenmental Committee, Evian, July 11, 1938, 11am, p. 2/2

Franklin D. Roosevelt Library, Hyde Park, NY

Statement by the delegations of Nicaragua, Guatemala, Costa Rica and Honduras for the Technical Sub-Committee, July 11, 1938 Franklin D. Roosevelt Library, Hyde Park, NY

Statement by the delegations of Nicaragua, Guatemala, Costa Rica and Honduras for the Technical Sub-Committee, July 11, 1938

Franklin D. Roosevelt Library, Hyde Park, NY

Statement by the delegations of Nicaragua, Guatemala, Costa Rica and Honduras for the Technical Sub-Committee, July 11, 1938

Franklin D. Roosevelt Library, Hyde Park, NY

Letters addressed to the Chairman of the Technical Sub-Committee by Dr. Constantino Herdocia, delegate of Nicaragua, and Dr. Mauricio Rosal, delegate of Honduras, on July 11, 1938 Franklin D. Roosevelt Library, Hyde Park, NY

Letters addressed to the Chairman of the Technical Sub-Committee by Dr. Constantino Herdocia, delegate of Nicaragua, and Dr. Mauricio Rosal, delegate of Honduras, on July 11, 1938

Franklin D. Roosevelt Library, Hyde Park, NY

Letters addressed to the Chairman of the Technical Sub-Committee by Dr. Constantino Herdocia, delegate of Nicaragua, and Dr. Mauricio Rosal, delegate of Honduras, on July 11, 1938

Franklin D. Roosevelt Library, Hyde Park, NY

Joint declaration made by Dr. Constantino Herdocia, delegate of the Republic of Nicaragua, Professor Luis Dobles Segreda, delegate of the Republic of Costa Rica, Dr. Mauricio Rosal, delegate of the Republic of Honduras, and Dr. Ernst Hoffmann, delegate of the Republic of Panama, on behalf of their Governments to the Intergovenmental Committee, Evian, July 11, 1938, 11am, p. 1/2 Franklin D. Roosevelt Library, Hyde Park, NY
Joint declaration made by Dr. Constantino Herdocia, delegate of the Republic of Nicaragua, Professor Luis Dobles Segreda, delegate of the Republic of Costa Rica, Dr. Mauricio Rosal, delegate of the Republic of Honduras, and Dr. Ernst Hoffmann, delegate of the Republic of Panama, on behalf of their Governments to the Intergovenmental Committee, Evian, July 11, 1938, 11am, p. 2/2 Franklin D. Roosevelt Library, Hyde Park, NY
Statement by the delegations of Nicaragua, Guatemala, Costa Rica and Honduras for the Technical Sub-Committee, July 11, 1938 Franklin D. Roosevelt Library, Hyde Park, NY
Letters addressed to the Chairman of the Technical Sub-Committee by Dr. Constantino Herdocia, delegate of Nicaragua, and Dr. Mauricio Rosal, delegate of Honduras, on July 11, 1938 Franklin D. Roosevelt Library, Hyde Park, NY